Bug Summary

File:src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86/X86SpeculativeLoadHardening.cpp
Warning:line 1925, column 5
Assigned value is garbage or undefined

Annotated Source Code

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clang -cc1 -cc1 -triple amd64-unknown-openbsd7.0 -analyze -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name X86SpeculativeLoadHardening.cpp -analyzer-store=region -analyzer-opt-analyze-nested-blocks -analyzer-checker=core -analyzer-checker=apiModeling -analyzer-checker=unix -analyzer-checker=deadcode -analyzer-checker=cplusplus -analyzer-checker=security.insecureAPI.UncheckedReturn -analyzer-checker=security.insecureAPI.getpw -analyzer-checker=security.insecureAPI.gets -analyzer-checker=security.insecureAPI.mktemp -analyzer-checker=security.insecureAPI.mkstemp -analyzer-checker=security.insecureAPI.vfork -analyzer-checker=nullability.NullPassedToNonnull -analyzer-checker=nullability.NullReturnedFromNonnull -analyzer-output plist -w -setup-static-analyzer -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 1 -fhalf-no-semantic-interposition -mframe-pointer=all -relaxed-aliasing -fno-rounding-math -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -target-cpu x86-64 -tune-cpu generic -debugger-tuning=gdb -fcoverage-compilation-dir=/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj -resource-dir /usr/local/lib/clang/13.0.0 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/AMDGPU -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Analysis -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ASMParser -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/BinaryFormat -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Bitcode -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Bitcode -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Bitstream -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /include/llvm/CodeGen -I /include/llvm/CodeGen/PBQP -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/IR -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/IR -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Coroutines -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData/Coverage -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/DebugInfo/CodeView -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/DebugInfo -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/DebugInfo/MSF -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/DebugInfo/PDB -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Demangle -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/JITLink -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ExecutionEngine/Orc -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend/OpenACC -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend/OpenMP -I /include/llvm/CodeGen/GlobalISel -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/IRReader -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/InstCombine -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/Transforms/InstCombine -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/LTO -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Linker -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/MC -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/MC/MCParser -I /include/llvm/CodeGen/MIRParser -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Object -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Option -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Passes -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ProfileData -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Scalar -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/ADT -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Support -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/DebugInfo/Symbolize -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Target -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Utils -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Vectorize -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include/llvm/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86 -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/IPO -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../include -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj -I /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj/../include -D NDEBUG -D __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -D __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D LLVM_PREFIX="/usr" -D PIC -internal-isystem /usr/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem /usr/local/lib/clang/13.0.0/include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/include -O2 -Wno-unused-parameter -Wwrite-strings -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-long-long -Wno-comment -std=c++14 -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir=/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/obj -ferror-limit 19 -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -fwrapv -D_RET_PROTECTOR -ret-protector -fno-rtti -fgnuc-version=4.2.1 -vectorize-loops -vectorize-slp -fno-builtin-malloc -fno-builtin-calloc -fno-builtin-realloc -fno-builtin-valloc -fno-builtin-free -fno-builtin-strdup -fno-builtin-strndup -analyzer-output=html -faddrsig -D__GCC_HAVE_DWARF2_CFI_ASM=1 -o /home/ben/Projects/vmm/scan-build/2022-01-12-194120-40624-1 -x c++ /usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86/X86SpeculativeLoadHardening.cpp

/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/lib/Target/X86/X86SpeculativeLoadHardening.cpp

1//====- X86SpeculativeLoadHardening.cpp - A Spectre v1 mitigation ---------===//
2//
3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6//
7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8/// \file
9///
10/// Provide a pass which mitigates speculative execution attacks which operate
11/// by speculating incorrectly past some predicate (a type check, bounds check,
12/// or other condition) to reach a load with invalid inputs and leak the data
13/// accessed by that load using a side channel out of the speculative domain.
14///
15/// For details on the attacks, see the first variant in both the Project Zero
16/// writeup and the Spectre paper:
17/// https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/01/reading-privileged-memory-with-side.html
18/// https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf
19///
20//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
21
22#include "X86.h"
23#include "X86InstrBuilder.h"
24#include "X86InstrInfo.h"
25#include "X86Subtarget.h"
26#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
27#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
28#include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
29#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
30#include "llvm/ADT/ScopeExit.h"
31#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
32#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
33#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
34#include "llvm/ADT/SparseBitVector.h"
35#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
36#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
37#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineConstantPool.h"
38#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
39#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
40#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
41#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstrBuilder.h"
42#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineModuleInfo.h"
43#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineOperand.h"
44#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
45#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineSSAUpdater.h"
46#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
47#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
48#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSchedule.h"
49#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
50#include "llvm/IR/DebugLoc.h"
51#include "llvm/MC/MCSchedule.h"
52#include "llvm/Pass.h"
53#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
54#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
55#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
56#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
57#include <algorithm>
58#include <cassert>
59#include <iterator>
60#include <utility>
61
62using namespace llvm;
63
64#define PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "x86-slh"
65#define DEBUG_TYPE"x86-slh" PASS_KEY"x86-slh"
66
67STATISTIC(NumCondBranchesTraced, "Number of conditional branches traced")static llvm::Statistic NumCondBranchesTraced = {"x86-slh", "NumCondBranchesTraced"
, "Number of conditional branches traced"}
;
68STATISTIC(NumBranchesUntraced, "Number of branches unable to trace")static llvm::Statistic NumBranchesUntraced = {"x86-slh", "NumBranchesUntraced"
, "Number of branches unable to trace"}
;
69STATISTIC(NumAddrRegsHardened,static llvm::Statistic NumAddrRegsHardened = {"x86-slh", "NumAddrRegsHardened"
, "Number of address mode used registers hardaned"}
70 "Number of address mode used registers hardaned")static llvm::Statistic NumAddrRegsHardened = {"x86-slh", "NumAddrRegsHardened"
, "Number of address mode used registers hardaned"}
;
71STATISTIC(NumPostLoadRegsHardened,static llvm::Statistic NumPostLoadRegsHardened = {"x86-slh", "NumPostLoadRegsHardened"
, "Number of post-load register values hardened"}
72 "Number of post-load register values hardened")static llvm::Statistic NumPostLoadRegsHardened = {"x86-slh", "NumPostLoadRegsHardened"
, "Number of post-load register values hardened"}
;
73STATISTIC(NumCallsOrJumpsHardened,static llvm::Statistic NumCallsOrJumpsHardened = {"x86-slh", "NumCallsOrJumpsHardened"
, "Number of calls or jumps requiring extra hardening"}
74 "Number of calls or jumps requiring extra hardening")static llvm::Statistic NumCallsOrJumpsHardened = {"x86-slh", "NumCallsOrJumpsHardened"
, "Number of calls or jumps requiring extra hardening"}
;
75STATISTIC(NumInstsInserted, "Number of instructions inserted")static llvm::Statistic NumInstsInserted = {"x86-slh", "NumInstsInserted"
, "Number of instructions inserted"}
;
76STATISTIC(NumLFENCEsInserted, "Number of lfence instructions inserted")static llvm::Statistic NumLFENCEsInserted = {"x86-slh", "NumLFENCEsInserted"
, "Number of lfence instructions inserted"}
;
77
78static cl::opt<bool> EnableSpeculativeLoadHardening(
79 "x86-speculative-load-hardening",
80 cl::desc("Force enable speculative load hardening"), cl::init(false),
81 cl::Hidden);
82
83static cl::opt<bool> HardenEdgesWithLFENCE(
84 PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "-lfence",
85 cl::desc(
86 "Use LFENCE along each conditional edge to harden against speculative "
87 "loads rather than conditional movs and poisoned pointers."),
88 cl::init(false), cl::Hidden);
89
90static cl::opt<bool> EnablePostLoadHardening(
91 PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "-post-load",
92 cl::desc("Harden the value loaded *after* it is loaded by "
93 "flushing the loaded bits to 1. This is hard to do "
94 "in general but can be done easily for GPRs."),
95 cl::init(true), cl::Hidden);
96
97static cl::opt<bool> FenceCallAndRet(
98 PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "-fence-call-and-ret",
99 cl::desc("Use a full speculation fence to harden both call and ret edges "
100 "rather than a lighter weight mitigation."),
101 cl::init(false), cl::Hidden);
102
103static cl::opt<bool> HardenInterprocedurally(
104 PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "-ip",
105 cl::desc("Harden interprocedurally by passing our state in and out of "
106 "functions in the high bits of the stack pointer."),
107 cl::init(true), cl::Hidden);
108
109static cl::opt<bool>
110 HardenLoads(PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "-loads",
111 cl::desc("Sanitize loads from memory. When disable, no "
112 "significant security is provided."),
113 cl::init(true), cl::Hidden);
114
115static cl::opt<bool> HardenIndirectCallsAndJumps(
116 PASS_KEY"x86-slh" "-indirect",
117 cl::desc("Harden indirect calls and jumps against using speculatively "
118 "stored attacker controlled addresses. This is designed to "
119 "mitigate Spectre v1.2 style attacks."),
120 cl::init(true), cl::Hidden);
121
122namespace {
123
124class X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass : public MachineFunctionPass {
125public:
126 X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass() : MachineFunctionPass(ID) { }
127
128 StringRef getPassName() const override {
129 return "X86 speculative load hardening";
130 }
131 bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &MF) override;
132 void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override;
133
134 /// Pass identification, replacement for typeid.
135 static char ID;
136
137private:
138 /// The information about a block's conditional terminators needed to trace
139 /// our predicate state through the exiting edges.
140 struct BlockCondInfo {
141 MachineBasicBlock *MBB;
142
143 // We mostly have one conditional branch, and in extremely rare cases have
144 // two. Three and more are so rare as to be unimportant for compile time.
145 SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 2> CondBrs;
146
147 MachineInstr *UncondBr;
148 };
149
150 /// Manages the predicate state traced through the program.
151 struct PredState {
152 unsigned InitialReg = 0;
153 unsigned PoisonReg = 0;
154
155 const TargetRegisterClass *RC;
156 MachineSSAUpdater SSA;
157
158 PredState(MachineFunction &MF, const TargetRegisterClass *RC)
159 : RC(RC), SSA(MF) {}
160 };
161
162 const X86Subtarget *Subtarget = nullptr;
163 MachineRegisterInfo *MRI = nullptr;
164 const X86InstrInfo *TII = nullptr;
165 const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI = nullptr;
166
167 Optional<PredState> PS;
168
169 void hardenEdgesWithLFENCE(MachineFunction &MF);
170
171 SmallVector<BlockCondInfo, 16> collectBlockCondInfo(MachineFunction &MF);
172
173 SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 16>
174 tracePredStateThroughCFG(MachineFunction &MF, ArrayRef<BlockCondInfo> Infos);
175
176 void unfoldCallAndJumpLoads(MachineFunction &MF);
177
178 SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 16>
179 tracePredStateThroughIndirectBranches(MachineFunction &MF);
180
181 void tracePredStateThroughBlocksAndHarden(MachineFunction &MF);
182
183 unsigned saveEFLAGS(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
184 MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt, DebugLoc Loc);
185 void restoreEFLAGS(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
186 MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt, DebugLoc Loc,
187 Register Reg);
188
189 void mergePredStateIntoSP(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
190 MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt, DebugLoc Loc,
191 unsigned PredStateReg);
192 unsigned extractPredStateFromSP(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
193 MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt,
194 DebugLoc Loc);
195
196 void
197 hardenLoadAddr(MachineInstr &MI, MachineOperand &BaseMO,
198 MachineOperand &IndexMO,
199 SmallDenseMap<unsigned, unsigned, 32> &AddrRegToHardenedReg);
200 MachineInstr *
201 sinkPostLoadHardenedInst(MachineInstr &MI,
202 SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineInstr *> &HardenedInstrs);
203 bool canHardenRegister(Register Reg);
204 unsigned hardenValueInRegister(Register Reg, MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
205 MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt,
206 DebugLoc Loc);
207 unsigned hardenPostLoad(MachineInstr &MI);
208 void hardenReturnInstr(MachineInstr &MI);
209 void tracePredStateThroughCall(MachineInstr &MI);
210 void hardenIndirectCallOrJumpInstr(
211 MachineInstr &MI,
212 SmallDenseMap<unsigned, unsigned, 32> &AddrRegToHardenedReg);
213};
214
215} // end anonymous namespace
216
217char X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::ID = 0;
218
219void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::getAnalysisUsage(
220 AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
221 MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
222}
223
224static MachineBasicBlock &splitEdge(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
225 MachineBasicBlock &Succ, int SuccCount,
226 MachineInstr *Br, MachineInstr *&UncondBr,
227 const X86InstrInfo &TII) {
228 assert(!Succ.isEHPad() && "Shouldn't get edges to EH pads!")((void)0);
229
230 MachineFunction &MF = *MBB.getParent();
231
232 MachineBasicBlock &NewMBB = *MF.CreateMachineBasicBlock();
233
234 // We have to insert the new block immediately after the current one as we
235 // don't know what layout-successor relationships the successor has and we
236 // may not be able to (and generally don't want to) try to fix those up.
237 MF.insert(std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(&MBB)), &NewMBB);
238
239 // Update the branch instruction if necessary.
240 if (Br) {
241 assert(Br->getOperand(0).getMBB() == &Succ &&((void)0)
242 "Didn't start with the right target!")((void)0);
243 Br->getOperand(0).setMBB(&NewMBB);
244
245 // If this successor was reached through a branch rather than fallthrough,
246 // we might have *broken* fallthrough and so need to inject a new
247 // unconditional branch.
248 if (!UncondBr) {
249 MachineBasicBlock &OldLayoutSucc =
250 *std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(&NewMBB));
251 assert(MBB.isSuccessor(&OldLayoutSucc) &&((void)0)
252 "Without an unconditional branch, the old layout successor should "((void)0)
253 "be an actual successor!")((void)0);
254 auto BrBuilder =
255 BuildMI(&MBB, DebugLoc(), TII.get(X86::JMP_1)).addMBB(&OldLayoutSucc);
256 // Update the unconditional branch now that we've added one.
257 UncondBr = &*BrBuilder;
258 }
259
260 // Insert unconditional "jump Succ" instruction in the new block if
261 // necessary.
262 if (!NewMBB.isLayoutSuccessor(&Succ)) {
263 SmallVector<MachineOperand, 4> Cond;
264 TII.insertBranch(NewMBB, &Succ, nullptr, Cond, Br->getDebugLoc());
265 }
266 } else {
267 assert(!UncondBr &&((void)0)
268 "Cannot have a branchless successor and an unconditional branch!")((void)0);
269 assert(NewMBB.isLayoutSuccessor(&Succ) &&((void)0)
270 "A non-branch successor must have been a layout successor before "((void)0)
271 "and now is a layout successor of the new block.")((void)0);
272 }
273
274 // If this is the only edge to the successor, we can just replace it in the
275 // CFG. Otherwise we need to add a new entry in the CFG for the new
276 // successor.
277 if (SuccCount == 1) {
278 MBB.replaceSuccessor(&Succ, &NewMBB);
279 } else {
280 MBB.splitSuccessor(&Succ, &NewMBB);
281 }
282
283 // Hook up the edge from the new basic block to the old successor in the CFG.
284 NewMBB.addSuccessor(&Succ);
285
286 // Fix PHI nodes in Succ so they refer to NewMBB instead of MBB.
287 for (MachineInstr &MI : Succ) {
288 if (!MI.isPHI())
289 break;
290 for (int OpIdx = 1, NumOps = MI.getNumOperands(); OpIdx < NumOps;
291 OpIdx += 2) {
292 MachineOperand &OpV = MI.getOperand(OpIdx);
293 MachineOperand &OpMBB = MI.getOperand(OpIdx + 1);
294 assert(OpMBB.isMBB() && "Block operand to a PHI is not a block!")((void)0);
295 if (OpMBB.getMBB() != &MBB)
296 continue;
297
298 // If this is the last edge to the succesor, just replace MBB in the PHI
299 if (SuccCount == 1) {
300 OpMBB.setMBB(&NewMBB);
301 break;
302 }
303
304 // Otherwise, append a new pair of operands for the new incoming edge.
305 MI.addOperand(MF, OpV);
306 MI.addOperand(MF, MachineOperand::CreateMBB(&NewMBB));
307 break;
308 }
309 }
310
311 // Inherit live-ins from the successor
312 for (auto &LI : Succ.liveins())
313 NewMBB.addLiveIn(LI);
314
315 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Split edge from '" << MBB.getName() << "' to '"do { } while (false)
316 << Succ.getName() << "'.\n")do { } while (false);
317 return NewMBB;
318}
319
320/// Removing duplicate PHI operands to leave the PHI in a canonical and
321/// predictable form.
322///
323/// FIXME: It's really frustrating that we have to do this, but SSA-form in MIR
324/// isn't what you might expect. We may have multiple entries in PHI nodes for
325/// a single predecessor. This makes CFG-updating extremely complex, so here we
326/// simplify all PHI nodes to a model even simpler than the IR's model: exactly
327/// one entry per predecessor, regardless of how many edges there are.
328static void canonicalizePHIOperands(MachineFunction &MF) {
329 SmallPtrSet<MachineBasicBlock *, 4> Preds;
330 SmallVector<int, 4> DupIndices;
331 for (auto &MBB : MF)
332 for (auto &MI : MBB) {
333 if (!MI.isPHI())
334 break;
335
336 // First we scan the operands of the PHI looking for duplicate entries
337 // a particular predecessor. We retain the operand index of each duplicate
338 // entry found.
339 for (int OpIdx = 1, NumOps = MI.getNumOperands(); OpIdx < NumOps;
340 OpIdx += 2)
341 if (!Preds.insert(MI.getOperand(OpIdx + 1).getMBB()).second)
342 DupIndices.push_back(OpIdx);
343
344 // Now walk the duplicate indices, removing both the block and value. Note
345 // that these are stored as a vector making this element-wise removal
346 // :w
347 // potentially quadratic.
348 //
349 // FIXME: It is really frustrating that we have to use a quadratic
350 // removal algorithm here. There should be a better way, but the use-def
351 // updates required make that impossible using the public API.
352 //
353 // Note that we have to process these backwards so that we don't
354 // invalidate other indices with each removal.
355 while (!DupIndices.empty()) {
356 int OpIdx = DupIndices.pop_back_val();
357 // Remove both the block and value operand, again in reverse order to
358 // preserve indices.
359 MI.RemoveOperand(OpIdx + 1);
360 MI.RemoveOperand(OpIdx);
361 }
362
363 Preds.clear();
364 }
365}
366
367/// Helper to scan a function for loads vulnerable to misspeculation that we
368/// want to harden.
369///
370/// We use this to avoid making changes to functions where there is nothing we
371/// need to do to harden against misspeculation.
372static bool hasVulnerableLoad(MachineFunction &MF) {
373 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
374 for (MachineInstr &MI : MBB) {
375 // Loads within this basic block after an LFENCE are not at risk of
376 // speculatively executing with invalid predicates from prior control
377 // flow. So break out of this block but continue scanning the function.
378 if (MI.getOpcode() == X86::LFENCE)
379 break;
380
381 // Looking for loads only.
382 if (!MI.mayLoad())
383 continue;
384
385 // An MFENCE is modeled as a load but isn't vulnerable to misspeculation.
386 if (MI.getOpcode() == X86::MFENCE)
387 continue;
388
389 // We found a load.
390 return true;
391 }
392 }
393
394 // No loads found.
395 return false;
396}
397
398bool X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::runOnMachineFunction(
399 MachineFunction &MF) {
400 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "********** " << getPassName() << " : " << MF.getName()do { } while (false)
1
Loop condition is false. Exiting loop
401 << " **********\n")do { } while (false);
402
403 // Only run if this pass is forced enabled or we detect the relevant function
404 // attribute requesting SLH.
405 if (!EnableSpeculativeLoadHardening &&
2
Assuming the condition is false
406 !MF.getFunction().hasFnAttribute(Attribute::SpeculativeLoadHardening))
407 return false;
408
409 Subtarget = &MF.getSubtarget<X86Subtarget>();
410 MRI = &MF.getRegInfo();
411 TII = Subtarget->getInstrInfo();
412 TRI = Subtarget->getRegisterInfo();
413
414 // FIXME: Support for 32-bit.
415 PS.emplace(MF, &X86::GR64_NOSPRegClass);
416
417 if (MF.begin() == MF.end())
3
Taking false branch
418 // Nothing to do for a degenerate empty function...
419 return false;
420
421 // We support an alternative hardening technique based on a debug flag.
422 if (HardenEdgesWithLFENCE) {
4
Assuming the condition is false
5
Taking false branch
423 hardenEdgesWithLFENCE(MF);
424 return true;
425 }
426
427 // Create a dummy debug loc to use for all the generated code here.
428 DebugLoc Loc;
429
430 MachineBasicBlock &Entry = *MF.begin();
431 auto EntryInsertPt = Entry.SkipPHIsLabelsAndDebug(Entry.begin());
432
433 // Do a quick scan to see if we have any checkable loads.
434 bool HasVulnerableLoad = hasVulnerableLoad(MF);
435
436 // See if we have any conditional branching blocks that we will need to trace
437 // predicate state through.
438 SmallVector<BlockCondInfo, 16> Infos = collectBlockCondInfo(MF);
439
440 // If we have no interesting conditions or loads, nothing to do here.
441 if (!HasVulnerableLoad
5.1
'HasVulnerableLoad' is false
5.1
'HasVulnerableLoad' is false
&& Infos.empty())
6
Taking false branch
442 return true;
443
444 // The poison value is required to be an all-ones value for many aspects of
445 // this mitigation.
446 const int PoisonVal = -1;
447 PS->PoisonReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
448 BuildMI(Entry, EntryInsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::MOV64ri32), PS->PoisonReg)
449 .addImm(PoisonVal);
450 ++NumInstsInserted;
451
452 // If we have loads being hardened and we've asked for call and ret edges to
453 // get a full fence-based mitigation, inject that fence.
454 if (HasVulnerableLoad
6.1
'HasVulnerableLoad' is false
6.1
'HasVulnerableLoad' is false
&& FenceCallAndRet) {
455 // We need to insert an LFENCE at the start of the function to suspend any
456 // incoming misspeculation from the caller. This helps two-fold: the caller
457 // may not have been protected as this code has been, and this code gets to
458 // not take any specific action to protect across calls.
459 // FIXME: We could skip this for functions which unconditionally return
460 // a constant.
461 BuildMI(Entry, EntryInsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::LFENCE));
462 ++NumInstsInserted;
463 ++NumLFENCEsInserted;
464 }
465
466 // If we guarded the entry with an LFENCE and have no conditionals to protect
467 // in blocks, then we're done.
468 if (FenceCallAndRet && Infos.empty())
7
Assuming the condition is false
469 // We may have changed the function's code at this point to insert fences.
470 return true;
471
472 // For every basic block in the function which can b
473 if (HardenInterprocedurally && !FenceCallAndRet) {
8
Assuming the condition is false
474 // Set up the predicate state by extracting it from the incoming stack
475 // pointer so we pick up any misspeculation in our caller.
476 PS->InitialReg = extractPredStateFromSP(Entry, EntryInsertPt, Loc);
477 } else {
478 // Otherwise, just build the predicate state itself by zeroing a register
479 // as we don't need any initial state.
480 PS->InitialReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
481 Register PredStateSubReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(&X86::GR32RegClass);
482 auto ZeroI = BuildMI(Entry, EntryInsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::MOV32r0),
483 PredStateSubReg);
484 ++NumInstsInserted;
485 MachineOperand *ZeroEFLAGSDefOp =
486 ZeroI->findRegisterDefOperand(X86::EFLAGS);
487 assert(ZeroEFLAGSDefOp && ZeroEFLAGSDefOp->isImplicit() &&((void)0)
488 "Must have an implicit def of EFLAGS!")((void)0);
489 ZeroEFLAGSDefOp->setIsDead(true);
490 BuildMI(Entry, EntryInsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::SUBREG_TO_REG),
491 PS->InitialReg)
492 .addImm(0)
493 .addReg(PredStateSubReg)
494 .addImm(X86::sub_32bit);
495 }
496
497 // We're going to need to trace predicate state throughout the function's
498 // CFG. Prepare for this by setting up our initial state of PHIs with unique
499 // predecessor entries and all the initial predicate state.
500 canonicalizePHIOperands(MF);
501
502 // Track the updated values in an SSA updater to rewrite into SSA form at the
503 // end.
504 PS->SSA.Initialize(PS->InitialReg);
505 PS->SSA.AddAvailableValue(&Entry, PS->InitialReg);
506
507 // Trace through the CFG.
508 auto CMovs = tracePredStateThroughCFG(MF, Infos);
509
510 // We may also enter basic blocks in this function via exception handling
511 // control flow. Here, if we are hardening interprocedurally, we need to
512 // re-capture the predicate state from the throwing code. In the Itanium ABI,
513 // the throw will always look like a call to __cxa_throw and will have the
514 // predicate state in the stack pointer, so extract fresh predicate state from
515 // the stack pointer and make it available in SSA.
516 // FIXME: Handle non-itanium ABI EH models.
517 if (HardenInterprocedurally) {
9
Assuming the condition is false
10
Taking false branch
518 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
519 assert(!MBB.isEHScopeEntry() && "Only Itanium ABI EH supported!")((void)0);
520 assert(!MBB.isEHFuncletEntry() && "Only Itanium ABI EH supported!")((void)0);
521 assert(!MBB.isCleanupFuncletEntry() && "Only Itanium ABI EH supported!")((void)0);
522 if (!MBB.isEHPad())
523 continue;
524 PS->SSA.AddAvailableValue(
525 &MBB,
526 extractPredStateFromSP(MBB, MBB.SkipPHIsAndLabels(MBB.begin()), Loc));
527 }
528 }
529
530 if (HardenIndirectCallsAndJumps) {
11
Assuming the condition is false
12
Taking false branch
531 // If we are going to harden calls and jumps we need to unfold their memory
532 // operands.
533 unfoldCallAndJumpLoads(MF);
534
535 // Then we trace predicate state through the indirect branches.
536 auto IndirectBrCMovs = tracePredStateThroughIndirectBranches(MF);
537 CMovs.append(IndirectBrCMovs.begin(), IndirectBrCMovs.end());
538 }
539
540 // Now that we have the predicate state available at the start of each block
541 // in the CFG, trace it through each block, hardening vulnerable instructions
542 // as we go.
543 tracePredStateThroughBlocksAndHarden(MF);
13
Calling 'X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::tracePredStateThroughBlocksAndHarden'
544
545 // Now rewrite all the uses of the pred state using the SSA updater to insert
546 // PHIs connecting the state between blocks along the CFG edges.
547 for (MachineInstr *CMovI : CMovs)
548 for (MachineOperand &Op : CMovI->operands()) {
549 if (!Op.isReg() || Op.getReg() != PS->InitialReg)
550 continue;
551
552 PS->SSA.RewriteUse(Op);
553 }
554
555 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Final speculative load hardened function:\n"; MF.dump();do { } while (false)
556 dbgs() << "\n"; MF.verify(this))do { } while (false);
557 return true;
558}
559
560/// Implements the naive hardening approach of putting an LFENCE after every
561/// potentially mis-predicted control flow construct.
562///
563/// We include this as an alternative mostly for the purpose of comparison. The
564/// performance impact of this is expected to be extremely severe and not
565/// practical for any real-world users.
566void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenEdgesWithLFENCE(
567 MachineFunction &MF) {
568 // First, we scan the function looking for blocks that are reached along edges
569 // that we might want to harden.
570 SmallSetVector<MachineBasicBlock *, 8> Blocks;
571 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
572 // If there are no or only one successor, nothing to do here.
573 if (MBB.succ_size() <= 1)
574 continue;
575
576 // Skip blocks unless their terminators start with a branch. Other
577 // terminators don't seem interesting for guarding against misspeculation.
578 auto TermIt = MBB.getFirstTerminator();
579 if (TermIt == MBB.end() || !TermIt->isBranch())
580 continue;
581
582 // Add all the non-EH-pad succossors to the blocks we want to harden. We
583 // skip EH pads because there isn't really a condition of interest on
584 // entering.
585 for (MachineBasicBlock *SuccMBB : MBB.successors())
586 if (!SuccMBB->isEHPad())
587 Blocks.insert(SuccMBB);
588 }
589
590 for (MachineBasicBlock *MBB : Blocks) {
591 auto InsertPt = MBB->SkipPHIsAndLabels(MBB->begin());
592 BuildMI(*MBB, InsertPt, DebugLoc(), TII->get(X86::LFENCE));
593 ++NumInstsInserted;
594 ++NumLFENCEsInserted;
595 }
596}
597
598SmallVector<X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::BlockCondInfo, 16>
599X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::collectBlockCondInfo(MachineFunction &MF) {
600 SmallVector<BlockCondInfo, 16> Infos;
601
602 // Walk the function and build up a summary for each block's conditions that
603 // we need to trace through.
604 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
605 // If there are no or only one successor, nothing to do here.
606 if (MBB.succ_size() <= 1)
607 continue;
608
609 // We want to reliably handle any conditional branch terminators in the
610 // MBB, so we manually analyze the branch. We can handle all of the
611 // permutations here, including ones that analyze branch cannot.
612 //
613 // The approach is to walk backwards across the terminators, resetting at
614 // any unconditional non-indirect branch, and track all conditional edges
615 // to basic blocks as well as the fallthrough or unconditional successor
616 // edge. For each conditional edge, we track the target and the opposite
617 // condition code in order to inject a "no-op" cmov into that successor
618 // that will harden the predicate. For the fallthrough/unconditional
619 // edge, we inject a separate cmov for each conditional branch with
620 // matching condition codes. This effectively implements an "and" of the
621 // condition flags, even if there isn't a single condition flag that would
622 // directly implement that. We don't bother trying to optimize either of
623 // these cases because if such an optimization is possible, LLVM should
624 // have optimized the conditional *branches* in that way already to reduce
625 // instruction count. This late, we simply assume the minimal number of
626 // branch instructions is being emitted and use that to guide our cmov
627 // insertion.
628
629 BlockCondInfo Info = {&MBB, {}, nullptr};
630
631 // Now walk backwards through the terminators and build up successors they
632 // reach and the conditions.
633 for (MachineInstr &MI : llvm::reverse(MBB)) {
634 // Once we've handled all the terminators, we're done.
635 if (!MI.isTerminator())
636 break;
637
638 // If we see a non-branch terminator, we can't handle anything so bail.
639 if (!MI.isBranch()) {
640 Info.CondBrs.clear();
641 break;
642 }
643
644 // If we see an unconditional branch, reset our state, clear any
645 // fallthrough, and set this is the "else" successor.
646 if (MI.getOpcode() == X86::JMP_1) {
647 Info.CondBrs.clear();
648 Info.UncondBr = &MI;
649 continue;
650 }
651
652 // If we get an invalid condition, we have an indirect branch or some
653 // other unanalyzable "fallthrough" case. We model this as a nullptr for
654 // the destination so we can still guard any conditional successors.
655 // Consider code sequences like:
656 // ```
657 // jCC L1
658 // jmpq *%rax
659 // ```
660 // We still want to harden the edge to `L1`.
661 if (X86::getCondFromBranch(MI) == X86::COND_INVALID) {
662 Info.CondBrs.clear();
663 Info.UncondBr = &MI;
664 continue;
665 }
666
667 // We have a vanilla conditional branch, add it to our list.
668 Info.CondBrs.push_back(&MI);
669 }
670 if (Info.CondBrs.empty()) {
671 ++NumBranchesUntraced;
672 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "WARNING: unable to secure successors of block:\n";do { } while (false)
673 MBB.dump())do { } while (false);
674 continue;
675 }
676
677 Infos.push_back(Info);
678 }
679
680 return Infos;
681}
682
683/// Trace the predicate state through the CFG, instrumenting each conditional
684/// branch such that misspeculation through an edge will poison the predicate
685/// state.
686///
687/// Returns the list of inserted CMov instructions so that they can have their
688/// uses of the predicate state rewritten into proper SSA form once it is
689/// complete.
690SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 16>
691X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::tracePredStateThroughCFG(
692 MachineFunction &MF, ArrayRef<BlockCondInfo> Infos) {
693 // Collect the inserted cmov instructions so we can rewrite their uses of the
694 // predicate state into SSA form.
695 SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 16> CMovs;
696
697 // Now walk all of the basic blocks looking for ones that end in conditional
698 // jumps where we need to update this register along each edge.
699 for (const BlockCondInfo &Info : Infos) {
700 MachineBasicBlock &MBB = *Info.MBB;
701 const SmallVectorImpl<MachineInstr *> &CondBrs = Info.CondBrs;
702 MachineInstr *UncondBr = Info.UncondBr;
703
704 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Tracing predicate through block: " << MBB.getName()do { } while (false)
705 << "\n")do { } while (false);
706 ++NumCondBranchesTraced;
707
708 // Compute the non-conditional successor as either the target of any
709 // unconditional branch or the layout successor.
710 MachineBasicBlock *UncondSucc =
711 UncondBr ? (UncondBr->getOpcode() == X86::JMP_1
712 ? UncondBr->getOperand(0).getMBB()
713 : nullptr)
714 : &*std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(&MBB));
715
716 // Count how many edges there are to any given successor.
717 SmallDenseMap<MachineBasicBlock *, int> SuccCounts;
718 if (UncondSucc)
719 ++SuccCounts[UncondSucc];
720 for (auto *CondBr : CondBrs)
721 ++SuccCounts[CondBr->getOperand(0).getMBB()];
722
723 // A lambda to insert cmov instructions into a block checking all of the
724 // condition codes in a sequence.
725 auto BuildCheckingBlockForSuccAndConds =
726 [&](MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock &Succ, int SuccCount,
727 MachineInstr *Br, MachineInstr *&UncondBr,
728 ArrayRef<X86::CondCode> Conds) {
729 // First, we split the edge to insert the checking block into a safe
730 // location.
731 auto &CheckingMBB =
732 (SuccCount == 1 && Succ.pred_size() == 1)
733 ? Succ
734 : splitEdge(MBB, Succ, SuccCount, Br, UncondBr, *TII);
735
736 bool LiveEFLAGS = Succ.isLiveIn(X86::EFLAGS);
737 if (!LiveEFLAGS)
738 CheckingMBB.addLiveIn(X86::EFLAGS);
739
740 // Now insert the cmovs to implement the checks.
741 auto InsertPt = CheckingMBB.begin();
742 assert((InsertPt == CheckingMBB.end() || !InsertPt->isPHI()) &&((void)0)
743 "Should never have a PHI in the initial checking block as it "((void)0)
744 "always has a single predecessor!")((void)0);
745
746 // We will wire each cmov to each other, but need to start with the
747 // incoming pred state.
748 unsigned CurStateReg = PS->InitialReg;
749
750 for (X86::CondCode Cond : Conds) {
751 int PredStateSizeInBytes = TRI->getRegSizeInBits(*PS->RC) / 8;
752 auto CMovOp = X86::getCMovOpcode(PredStateSizeInBytes);
753
754 Register UpdatedStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
755 // Note that we intentionally use an empty debug location so that
756 // this picks up the preceding location.
757 auto CMovI = BuildMI(CheckingMBB, InsertPt, DebugLoc(),
758 TII->get(CMovOp), UpdatedStateReg)
759 .addReg(CurStateReg)
760 .addReg(PS->PoisonReg)
761 .addImm(Cond);
762 // If this is the last cmov and the EFLAGS weren't originally
763 // live-in, mark them as killed.
764 if (!LiveEFLAGS && Cond == Conds.back())
765 CMovI->findRegisterUseOperand(X86::EFLAGS)->setIsKill(true);
766
767 ++NumInstsInserted;
768 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting cmov: "; CMovI->dump();do { } while (false)
769 dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
770
771 // The first one of the cmovs will be using the top level
772 // `PredStateReg` and need to get rewritten into SSA form.
773 if (CurStateReg == PS->InitialReg)
774 CMovs.push_back(&*CMovI);
775
776 // The next cmov should start from this one's def.
777 CurStateReg = UpdatedStateReg;
778 }
779
780 // And put the last one into the available values for SSA form of our
781 // predicate state.
782 PS->SSA.AddAvailableValue(&CheckingMBB, CurStateReg);
783 };
784
785 std::vector<X86::CondCode> UncondCodeSeq;
786 for (auto *CondBr : CondBrs) {
787 MachineBasicBlock &Succ = *CondBr->getOperand(0).getMBB();
788 int &SuccCount = SuccCounts[&Succ];
789
790 X86::CondCode Cond = X86::getCondFromBranch(*CondBr);
791 X86::CondCode InvCond = X86::GetOppositeBranchCondition(Cond);
792 UncondCodeSeq.push_back(Cond);
793
794 BuildCheckingBlockForSuccAndConds(MBB, Succ, SuccCount, CondBr, UncondBr,
795 {InvCond});
796
797 // Decrement the successor count now that we've split one of the edges.
798 // We need to keep the count of edges to the successor accurate in order
799 // to know above when to *replace* the successor in the CFG vs. just
800 // adding the new successor.
801 --SuccCount;
802 }
803
804 // Since we may have split edges and changed the number of successors,
805 // normalize the probabilities. This avoids doing it each time we split an
806 // edge.
807 MBB.normalizeSuccProbs();
808
809 // Finally, we need to insert cmovs into the "fallthrough" edge. Here, we
810 // need to intersect the other condition codes. We can do this by just
811 // doing a cmov for each one.
812 if (!UncondSucc)
813 // If we have no fallthrough to protect (perhaps it is an indirect jump?)
814 // just skip this and continue.
815 continue;
816
817 assert(SuccCounts[UncondSucc] == 1 &&((void)0)
818 "We should never have more than one edge to the unconditional "((void)0)
819 "successor at this point because every other edge must have been "((void)0)
820 "split above!")((void)0);
821
822 // Sort and unique the codes to minimize them.
823 llvm::sort(UncondCodeSeq);
824 UncondCodeSeq.erase(std::unique(UncondCodeSeq.begin(), UncondCodeSeq.end()),
825 UncondCodeSeq.end());
826
827 // Build a checking version of the successor.
828 BuildCheckingBlockForSuccAndConds(MBB, *UncondSucc, /*SuccCount*/ 1,
829 UncondBr, UncondBr, UncondCodeSeq);
830 }
831
832 return CMovs;
833}
834
835/// Compute the register class for the unfolded load.
836///
837/// FIXME: This should probably live in X86InstrInfo, potentially by adding
838/// a way to unfold into a newly created vreg rather than requiring a register
839/// input.
840static const TargetRegisterClass *
841getRegClassForUnfoldedLoad(MachineFunction &MF, const X86InstrInfo &TII,
842 unsigned Opcode) {
843 unsigned Index;
844 unsigned UnfoldedOpc = TII.getOpcodeAfterMemoryUnfold(
845 Opcode, /*UnfoldLoad*/ true, /*UnfoldStore*/ false, &Index);
846 const MCInstrDesc &MCID = TII.get(UnfoldedOpc);
847 return TII.getRegClass(MCID, Index, &TII.getRegisterInfo(), MF);
848}
849
850void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::unfoldCallAndJumpLoads(
851 MachineFunction &MF) {
852 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF)
853 for (auto MII = MBB.instr_begin(), MIE = MBB.instr_end(); MII != MIE;) {
854 // Grab a reference and increment the iterator so we can remove this
855 // instruction if needed without disturbing the iteration.
856 MachineInstr &MI = *MII++;
857
858 // Must either be a call or a branch.
859 if (!MI.isCall() && !MI.isBranch())
860 continue;
861 // We only care about loading variants of these instructions.
862 if (!MI.mayLoad())
863 continue;
864
865 switch (MI.getOpcode()) {
866 default: {
867 LLVM_DEBUG(do { } while (false)
868 dbgs() << "ERROR: Found an unexpected loading branch or call "do { } while (false)
869 "instruction:\n";do { } while (false)
870 MI.dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
871 report_fatal_error("Unexpected loading branch or call!");
872 }
873
874 case X86::FARCALL16m:
875 case X86::FARCALL32m:
876 case X86::FARCALL64m:
877 case X86::FARJMP16m:
878 case X86::FARJMP32m:
879 case X86::FARJMP64m:
880 // We cannot mitigate far jumps or calls, but we also don't expect them
881 // to be vulnerable to Spectre v1.2 style attacks.
882 continue;
883
884 case X86::CALL16m:
885 case X86::CALL16m_NT:
886 case X86::CALL32m:
887 case X86::CALL32m_NT:
888 case X86::CALL64m:
889 case X86::CALL64m_NT:
890 case X86::JMP16m:
891 case X86::JMP16m_NT:
892 case X86::JMP32m:
893 case X86::JMP32m_NT:
894 case X86::JMP64m:
895 case X86::JMP64m_NT:
896 case X86::TAILJMPm64:
897 case X86::TAILJMPm64_REX:
898 case X86::TAILJMPm:
899 case X86::TCRETURNmi64:
900 case X86::TCRETURNmi: {
901 // Use the generic unfold logic now that we know we're dealing with
902 // expected instructions.
903 // FIXME: We don't have test coverage for all of these!
904 auto *UnfoldedRC = getRegClassForUnfoldedLoad(MF, *TII, MI.getOpcode());
905 if (!UnfoldedRC) {
906 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()do { } while (false)
907 << "ERROR: Unable to unfold load from instruction:\n";do { } while (false)
908 MI.dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
909 report_fatal_error("Unable to unfold load!");
910 }
911 Register Reg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(UnfoldedRC);
912 SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 2> NewMIs;
913 // If we were able to compute an unfolded reg class, any failure here
914 // is just a programming error so just assert.
915 bool Unfolded =
916 TII->unfoldMemoryOperand(MF, MI, Reg, /*UnfoldLoad*/ true,
917 /*UnfoldStore*/ false, NewMIs);
918 (void)Unfolded;
919 assert(Unfolded &&((void)0)
920 "Computed unfolded register class but failed to unfold")((void)0);
921 // Now stitch the new instructions into place and erase the old one.
922 for (auto *NewMI : NewMIs)
923 MBB.insert(MI.getIterator(), NewMI);
924
925 // Update the call site info.
926 if (MI.isCandidateForCallSiteEntry())
927 MF.eraseCallSiteInfo(&MI);
928
929 MI.eraseFromParent();
930 LLVM_DEBUG({do { } while (false)
931 dbgs() << "Unfolded load successfully into:\n";do { } while (false)
932 for (auto *NewMI : NewMIs) {do { } while (false)
933 NewMI->dump();do { } while (false)
934 dbgs() << "\n";do { } while (false)
935 }do { } while (false)
936 })do { } while (false);
937 continue;
938 }
939 }
940 llvm_unreachable("Escaped switch with default!")__builtin_unreachable();
941 }
942}
943
944/// Trace the predicate state through indirect branches, instrumenting them to
945/// poison the state if a target is reached that does not match the expected
946/// target.
947///
948/// This is designed to mitigate Spectre variant 1 attacks where an indirect
949/// branch is trained to predict a particular target and then mispredicts that
950/// target in a way that can leak data. Despite using an indirect branch, this
951/// is really a variant 1 style attack: it does not steer execution to an
952/// arbitrary or attacker controlled address, and it does not require any
953/// special code executing next to the victim. This attack can also be mitigated
954/// through retpolines, but those require either replacing indirect branches
955/// with conditional direct branches or lowering them through a device that
956/// blocks speculation. This mitigation can replace these retpoline-style
957/// mitigations for jump tables and other indirect branches within a function
958/// when variant 2 isn't a risk while allowing limited speculation. Indirect
959/// calls, however, cannot be mitigated through this technique without changing
960/// the ABI in a fundamental way.
961SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 16>
962X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::tracePredStateThroughIndirectBranches(
963 MachineFunction &MF) {
964 // We use the SSAUpdater to insert PHI nodes for the target addresses of
965 // indirect branches. We don't actually need the full power of the SSA updater
966 // in this particular case as we always have immediately available values, but
967 // this avoids us having to re-implement the PHI construction logic.
968 MachineSSAUpdater TargetAddrSSA(MF);
969 TargetAddrSSA.Initialize(MRI->createVirtualRegister(&X86::GR64RegClass));
970
971 // Track which blocks were terminated with an indirect branch.
972 SmallPtrSet<MachineBasicBlock *, 4> IndirectTerminatedMBBs;
973
974 // We need to know what blocks end up reached via indirect branches. We
975 // expect this to be a subset of those whose address is taken and so track it
976 // directly via the CFG.
977 SmallPtrSet<MachineBasicBlock *, 4> IndirectTargetMBBs;
978
979 // Walk all the blocks which end in an indirect branch and make the
980 // target address available.
981 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
982 // Find the last terminator.
983 auto MII = MBB.instr_rbegin();
984 while (MII != MBB.instr_rend() && MII->isDebugInstr())
985 ++MII;
986 if (MII == MBB.instr_rend())
987 continue;
988 MachineInstr &TI = *MII;
989 if (!TI.isTerminator() || !TI.isBranch())
990 // No terminator or non-branch terminator.
991 continue;
992
993 unsigned TargetReg;
994
995 switch (TI.getOpcode()) {
996 default:
997 // Direct branch or conditional branch (leading to fallthrough).
998 continue;
999
1000 case X86::FARJMP16m:
1001 case X86::FARJMP32m:
1002 case X86::FARJMP64m:
1003 // We cannot mitigate far jumps or calls, but we also don't expect them
1004 // to be vulnerable to Spectre v1.2 or v2 (self trained) style attacks.
1005 continue;
1006
1007 case X86::JMP16m:
1008 case X86::JMP16m_NT:
1009 case X86::JMP32m:
1010 case X86::JMP32m_NT:
1011 case X86::JMP64m:
1012 case X86::JMP64m_NT:
1013 // Mostly as documentation.
1014 report_fatal_error("Memory operand jumps should have been unfolded!");
1015
1016 case X86::JMP16r:
1017 report_fatal_error(
1018 "Support for 16-bit indirect branches is not implemented.");
1019 case X86::JMP32r:
1020 report_fatal_error(
1021 "Support for 32-bit indirect branches is not implemented.");
1022
1023 case X86::JMP64r:
1024 TargetReg = TI.getOperand(0).getReg();
1025 }
1026
1027 // We have definitely found an indirect branch. Verify that there are no
1028 // preceding conditional branches as we don't yet support that.
1029 if (llvm::any_of(MBB.terminators(), [&](MachineInstr &OtherTI) {
1030 return !OtherTI.isDebugInstr() && &OtherTI != &TI;
1031 })) {
1032 LLVM_DEBUG({do { } while (false)
1033 dbgs() << "ERROR: Found other terminators in a block with an indirect "do { } while (false)
1034 "branch! This is not yet supported! Terminator sequence:\n";do { } while (false)
1035 for (MachineInstr &MI : MBB.terminators()) {do { } while (false)
1036 MI.dump();do { } while (false)
1037 dbgs() << '\n';do { } while (false)
1038 }do { } while (false)
1039 })do { } while (false);
1040 report_fatal_error("Unimplemented terminator sequence!");
1041 }
1042
1043 // Make the target register an available value for this block.
1044 TargetAddrSSA.AddAvailableValue(&MBB, TargetReg);
1045 IndirectTerminatedMBBs.insert(&MBB);
1046
1047 // Add all the successors to our target candidates.
1048 for (MachineBasicBlock *Succ : MBB.successors())
1049 IndirectTargetMBBs.insert(Succ);
1050 }
1051
1052 // Keep track of the cmov instructions we insert so we can return them.
1053 SmallVector<MachineInstr *, 16> CMovs;
1054
1055 // If we didn't find any indirect branches with targets, nothing to do here.
1056 if (IndirectTargetMBBs.empty())
1057 return CMovs;
1058
1059 // We found indirect branches and targets that need to be instrumented to
1060 // harden loads within them. Walk the blocks of the function (to get a stable
1061 // ordering) and instrument each target of an indirect branch.
1062 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
1063 // Skip the blocks that aren't candidate targets.
1064 if (!IndirectTargetMBBs.count(&MBB))
1065 continue;
1066
1067 // We don't expect EH pads to ever be reached via an indirect branch. If
1068 // this is desired for some reason, we could simply skip them here rather
1069 // than asserting.
1070 assert(!MBB.isEHPad() &&((void)0)
1071 "Unexpected EH pad as target of an indirect branch!")((void)0);
1072
1073 // We should never end up threading EFLAGS into a block to harden
1074 // conditional jumps as there would be an additional successor via the
1075 // indirect branch. As a consequence, all such edges would be split before
1076 // reaching here, and the inserted block will handle the EFLAGS-based
1077 // hardening.
1078 assert(!MBB.isLiveIn(X86::EFLAGS) &&((void)0)
1079 "Cannot check within a block that already has live-in EFLAGS!")((void)0);
1080
1081 // We can't handle having non-indirect edges into this block unless this is
1082 // the only successor and we can synthesize the necessary target address.
1083 for (MachineBasicBlock *Pred : MBB.predecessors()) {
1084 // If we've already handled this by extracting the target directly,
1085 // nothing to do.
1086 if (IndirectTerminatedMBBs.count(Pred))
1087 continue;
1088
1089 // Otherwise, we have to be the only successor. We generally expect this
1090 // to be true as conditional branches should have had a critical edge
1091 // split already. We don't however need to worry about EH pad successors
1092 // as they'll happily ignore the target and their hardening strategy is
1093 // resilient to all ways in which they could be reached speculatively.
1094 if (!llvm::all_of(Pred->successors(), [&](MachineBasicBlock *Succ) {
1095 return Succ->isEHPad() || Succ == &MBB;
1096 })) {
1097 LLVM_DEBUG({do { } while (false)
1098 dbgs() << "ERROR: Found conditional entry to target of indirect "do { } while (false)
1099 "branch!\n";do { } while (false)
1100 Pred->dump();do { } while (false)
1101 MBB.dump();do { } while (false)
1102 })do { } while (false);
1103 report_fatal_error("Cannot harden a conditional entry to a target of "
1104 "an indirect branch!");
1105 }
1106
1107 // Now we need to compute the address of this block and install it as a
1108 // synthetic target in the predecessor. We do this at the bottom of the
1109 // predecessor.
1110 auto InsertPt = Pred->getFirstTerminator();
1111 Register TargetReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(&X86::GR64RegClass);
1112 if (MF.getTarget().getCodeModel() == CodeModel::Small &&
1113 !Subtarget->isPositionIndependent()) {
1114 // Directly materialize it into an immediate.
1115 auto AddrI = BuildMI(*Pred, InsertPt, DebugLoc(),
1116 TII->get(X86::MOV64ri32), TargetReg)
1117 .addMBB(&MBB);
1118 ++NumInstsInserted;
1119 (void)AddrI;
1120 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting mov: "; AddrI->dump();do { } while (false)
1121 dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1122 } else {
1123 auto AddrI = BuildMI(*Pred, InsertPt, DebugLoc(), TII->get(X86::LEA64r),
1124 TargetReg)
1125 .addReg(/*Base*/ X86::RIP)
1126 .addImm(/*Scale*/ 1)
1127 .addReg(/*Index*/ 0)
1128 .addMBB(&MBB)
1129 .addReg(/*Segment*/ 0);
1130 ++NumInstsInserted;
1131 (void)AddrI;
1132 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting lea: "; AddrI->dump();do { } while (false)
1133 dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1134 }
1135 // And make this available.
1136 TargetAddrSSA.AddAvailableValue(Pred, TargetReg);
1137 }
1138
1139 // Materialize the needed SSA value of the target. Note that we need the
1140 // middle of the block as this block might at the bottom have an indirect
1141 // branch back to itself. We can do this here because at this point, every
1142 // predecessor of this block has an available value. This is basically just
1143 // automating the construction of a PHI node for this target.
1144 unsigned TargetReg = TargetAddrSSA.GetValueInMiddleOfBlock(&MBB);
1145
1146 // Insert a comparison of the incoming target register with this block's
1147 // address. This also requires us to mark the block as having its address
1148 // taken explicitly.
1149 MBB.setHasAddressTaken();
1150 auto InsertPt = MBB.SkipPHIsLabelsAndDebug(MBB.begin());
1151 if (MF.getTarget().getCodeModel() == CodeModel::Small &&
1152 !Subtarget->isPositionIndependent()) {
1153 // Check directly against a relocated immediate when we can.
1154 auto CheckI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, DebugLoc(), TII->get(X86::CMP64ri32))
1155 .addReg(TargetReg, RegState::Kill)
1156 .addMBB(&MBB);
1157 ++NumInstsInserted;
1158 (void)CheckI;
1159 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting cmp: "; CheckI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1160 } else {
1161 // Otherwise compute the address into a register first.
1162 Register AddrReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(&X86::GR64RegClass);
1163 auto AddrI =
1164 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, DebugLoc(), TII->get(X86::LEA64r), AddrReg)
1165 .addReg(/*Base*/ X86::RIP)
1166 .addImm(/*Scale*/ 1)
1167 .addReg(/*Index*/ 0)
1168 .addMBB(&MBB)
1169 .addReg(/*Segment*/ 0);
1170 ++NumInstsInserted;
1171 (void)AddrI;
1172 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting lea: "; AddrI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1173 auto CheckI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, DebugLoc(), TII->get(X86::CMP64rr))
1174 .addReg(TargetReg, RegState::Kill)
1175 .addReg(AddrReg, RegState::Kill);
1176 ++NumInstsInserted;
1177 (void)CheckI;
1178 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting cmp: "; CheckI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1179 }
1180
1181 // Now cmov over the predicate if the comparison wasn't equal.
1182 int PredStateSizeInBytes = TRI->getRegSizeInBits(*PS->RC) / 8;
1183 auto CMovOp = X86::getCMovOpcode(PredStateSizeInBytes);
1184 Register UpdatedStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
1185 auto CMovI =
1186 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, DebugLoc(), TII->get(CMovOp), UpdatedStateReg)
1187 .addReg(PS->InitialReg)
1188 .addReg(PS->PoisonReg)
1189 .addImm(X86::COND_NE);
1190 CMovI->findRegisterUseOperand(X86::EFLAGS)->setIsKill(true);
1191 ++NumInstsInserted;
1192 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting cmov: "; CMovI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1193 CMovs.push_back(&*CMovI);
1194
1195 // And put the new value into the available values for SSA form of our
1196 // predicate state.
1197 PS->SSA.AddAvailableValue(&MBB, UpdatedStateReg);
1198 }
1199
1200 // Return all the newly inserted cmov instructions of the predicate state.
1201 return CMovs;
1202}
1203
1204// Returns true if the MI has EFLAGS as a register def operand and it's live,
1205// otherwise it returns false
1206static bool isEFLAGSDefLive(const MachineInstr &MI) {
1207 if (const MachineOperand *DefOp = MI.findRegisterDefOperand(X86::EFLAGS)) {
1208 return !DefOp->isDead();
1209 }
1210 return false;
1211}
1212
1213static bool isEFLAGSLive(MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock::iterator I,
1214 const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI) {
1215 // Check if EFLAGS are alive by seeing if there is a def of them or they
1216 // live-in, and then seeing if that def is in turn used.
1217 for (MachineInstr &MI : llvm::reverse(llvm::make_range(MBB.begin(), I))) {
1218 if (MachineOperand *DefOp = MI.findRegisterDefOperand(X86::EFLAGS)) {
1219 // If the def is dead, then EFLAGS is not live.
1220 if (DefOp->isDead())
1221 return false;
1222
1223 // Otherwise we've def'ed it, and it is live.
1224 return true;
1225 }
1226 // While at this instruction, also check if we use and kill EFLAGS
1227 // which means it isn't live.
1228 if (MI.killsRegister(X86::EFLAGS, &TRI))
1229 return false;
1230 }
1231
1232 // If we didn't find anything conclusive (neither definitely alive or
1233 // definitely dead) return whether it lives into the block.
1234 return MBB.isLiveIn(X86::EFLAGS);
1235}
1236
1237/// Trace the predicate state through each of the blocks in the function,
1238/// hardening everything necessary along the way.
1239///
1240/// We call this routine once the initial predicate state has been established
1241/// for each basic block in the function in the SSA updater. This routine traces
1242/// it through the instructions within each basic block, and for non-returning
1243/// blocks informs the SSA updater about the final state that lives out of the
1244/// block. Along the way, it hardens any vulnerable instruction using the
1245/// currently valid predicate state. We have to do these two things together
1246/// because the SSA updater only works across blocks. Within a block, we track
1247/// the current predicate state directly and update it as it changes.
1248///
1249/// This operates in two passes over each block. First, we analyze the loads in
1250/// the block to determine which strategy will be used to harden them: hardening
1251/// the address or hardening the loaded value when loaded into a register
1252/// amenable to hardening. We have to process these first because the two
1253/// strategies may interact -- later hardening may change what strategy we wish
1254/// to use. We also will analyze data dependencies between loads and avoid
1255/// hardening those loads that are data dependent on a load with a hardened
1256/// address. We also skip hardening loads already behind an LFENCE as that is
1257/// sufficient to harden them against misspeculation.
1258///
1259/// Second, we actively trace the predicate state through the block, applying
1260/// the hardening steps we determined necessary in the first pass as we go.
1261///
1262/// These two passes are applied to each basic block. We operate one block at a
1263/// time to simplify reasoning about reachability and sequencing.
1264void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::tracePredStateThroughBlocksAndHarden(
1265 MachineFunction &MF) {
1266 SmallPtrSet<MachineInstr *, 16> HardenPostLoad;
1267 SmallPtrSet<MachineInstr *, 16> HardenLoadAddr;
1268
1269 SmallSet<unsigned, 16> HardenedAddrRegs;
1270
1271 SmallDenseMap<unsigned, unsigned, 32> AddrRegToHardenedReg;
1272
1273 // Track the set of load-dependent registers through the basic block. Because
1274 // the values of these registers have an existing data dependency on a loaded
1275 // value which we would have checked, we can omit any checks on them.
1276 SparseBitVector<> LoadDepRegs;
1277
1278 for (MachineBasicBlock &MBB : MF) {
1279 // The first pass over the block: collect all the loads which can have their
1280 // loaded value hardened and all the loads that instead need their address
1281 // hardened. During this walk we propagate load dependence for address
1282 // hardened loads and also look for LFENCE to stop hardening wherever
1283 // possible. When deciding whether or not to harden the loaded value or not,
1284 // we check to see if any registers used in the address will have been
1285 // hardened at this point and if so, harden any remaining address registers
1286 // as that often successfully re-uses hardened addresses and minimizes
1287 // instructions.
1288 //
1289 // FIXME: We should consider an aggressive mode where we continue to keep as
1290 // many loads value hardened even when some address register hardening would
1291 // be free (due to reuse).
1292 //
1293 // Note that we only need this pass if we are actually hardening loads.
1294 if (HardenLoads)
14
Assuming the condition is false
15
Taking false branch
1295 for (MachineInstr &MI : MBB) {
1296 // We naively assume that all def'ed registers of an instruction have
1297 // a data dependency on all of their operands.
1298 // FIXME: Do a more careful analysis of x86 to build a conservative
1299 // model here.
1300 if (llvm::any_of(MI.uses(), [&](MachineOperand &Op) {
1301 return Op.isReg() && LoadDepRegs.test(Op.getReg());
1302 }))
1303 for (MachineOperand &Def : MI.defs())
1304 if (Def.isReg())
1305 LoadDepRegs.set(Def.getReg());
1306
1307 // Both Intel and AMD are guiding that they will change the semantics of
1308 // LFENCE to be a speculation barrier, so if we see an LFENCE, there is
1309 // no more need to guard things in this block.
1310 if (MI.getOpcode() == X86::LFENCE)
1311 break;
1312
1313 // If this instruction cannot load, nothing to do.
1314 if (!MI.mayLoad())
1315 continue;
1316
1317 // Some instructions which "load" are trivially safe or unimportant.
1318 if (MI.getOpcode() == X86::MFENCE)
1319 continue;
1320
1321 // Extract the memory operand information about this instruction.
1322 // FIXME: This doesn't handle loading pseudo instructions which we often
1323 // could handle with similarly generic logic. We probably need to add an
1324 // MI-layer routine similar to the MC-layer one we use here which maps
1325 // pseudos much like this maps real instructions.
1326 const MCInstrDesc &Desc = MI.getDesc();
1327 int MemRefBeginIdx = X86II::getMemoryOperandNo(Desc.TSFlags);
1328 if (MemRefBeginIdx < 0) {
1329 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs()do { } while (false)
1330 << "WARNING: unable to harden loading instruction: ";do { } while (false)
1331 MI.dump())do { } while (false);
1332 continue;
1333 }
1334
1335 MemRefBeginIdx += X86II::getOperandBias(Desc);
1336
1337 MachineOperand &BaseMO =
1338 MI.getOperand(MemRefBeginIdx + X86::AddrBaseReg);
1339 MachineOperand &IndexMO =
1340 MI.getOperand(MemRefBeginIdx + X86::AddrIndexReg);
1341
1342 // If we have at least one (non-frame-index, non-RIP) register operand,
1343 // and neither operand is load-dependent, we need to check the load.
1344 unsigned BaseReg = 0, IndexReg = 0;
1345 if (!BaseMO.isFI() && BaseMO.getReg() != X86::RIP &&
1346 BaseMO.getReg() != X86::NoRegister)
1347 BaseReg = BaseMO.getReg();
1348 if (IndexMO.getReg() != X86::NoRegister)
1349 IndexReg = IndexMO.getReg();
1350
1351 if (!BaseReg && !IndexReg)
1352 // No register operands!
1353 continue;
1354
1355 // If any register operand is dependent, this load is dependent and we
1356 // needn't check it.
1357 // FIXME: Is this true in the case where we are hardening loads after
1358 // they complete? Unclear, need to investigate.
1359 if ((BaseReg && LoadDepRegs.test(BaseReg)) ||
1360 (IndexReg && LoadDepRegs.test(IndexReg)))
1361 continue;
1362
1363 // If post-load hardening is enabled, this load is compatible with
1364 // post-load hardening, and we aren't already going to harden one of the
1365 // address registers, queue it up to be hardened post-load. Notably,
1366 // even once hardened this won't introduce a useful dependency that
1367 // could prune out subsequent loads.
1368 if (EnablePostLoadHardening && X86InstrInfo::isDataInvariantLoad(MI) &&
1369 !isEFLAGSDefLive(MI) && MI.getDesc().getNumDefs() == 1 &&
1370 MI.getOperand(0).isReg() &&
1371 canHardenRegister(MI.getOperand(0).getReg()) &&
1372 !HardenedAddrRegs.count(BaseReg) &&
1373 !HardenedAddrRegs.count(IndexReg)) {
1374 HardenPostLoad.insert(&MI);
1375 HardenedAddrRegs.insert(MI.getOperand(0).getReg());
1376 continue;
1377 }
1378
1379 // Record this instruction for address hardening and record its register
1380 // operands as being address-hardened.
1381 HardenLoadAddr.insert(&MI);
1382 if (BaseReg)
1383 HardenedAddrRegs.insert(BaseReg);
1384 if (IndexReg)
1385 HardenedAddrRegs.insert(IndexReg);
1386
1387 for (MachineOperand &Def : MI.defs())
1388 if (Def.isReg())
1389 LoadDepRegs.set(Def.getReg());
1390 }
1391
1392 // Now re-walk the instructions in the basic block, and apply whichever
1393 // hardening strategy we have elected. Note that we do this in a second
1394 // pass specifically so that we have the complete set of instructions for
1395 // which we will do post-load hardening and can defer it in certain
1396 // circumstances.
1397 for (MachineInstr &MI : MBB) {
1398 if (HardenLoads) {
16
Assuming the condition is true
17
Taking true branch
1399 // We cannot both require hardening the def of a load and its address.
1400 assert(!(HardenLoadAddr.count(&MI) && HardenPostLoad.count(&MI)) &&((void)0)
1401 "Requested to harden both the address and def of a load!")((void)0);
1402
1403 // Check if this is a load whose address needs to be hardened.
1404 if (HardenLoadAddr.erase(&MI)) {
18
Assuming the condition is false
19
Taking false branch
1405 const MCInstrDesc &Desc = MI.getDesc();
1406 int MemRefBeginIdx = X86II::getMemoryOperandNo(Desc.TSFlags);
1407 assert(MemRefBeginIdx >= 0 && "Cannot have an invalid index here!")((void)0);
1408
1409 MemRefBeginIdx += X86II::getOperandBias(Desc);
1410
1411 MachineOperand &BaseMO =
1412 MI.getOperand(MemRefBeginIdx + X86::AddrBaseReg);
1413 MachineOperand &IndexMO =
1414 MI.getOperand(MemRefBeginIdx + X86::AddrIndexReg);
1415 hardenLoadAddr(MI, BaseMO, IndexMO, AddrRegToHardenedReg);
1416 continue;
1417 }
1418
1419 // Test if this instruction is one of our post load instructions (and
1420 // remove it from the set if so).
1421 if (HardenPostLoad.erase(&MI)) {
20
Assuming the condition is false
21
Taking false branch
1422 assert(!MI.isCall() && "Must not try to post-load harden a call!")((void)0);
1423
1424 // If this is a data-invariant load and there is no EFLAGS
1425 // interference, we want to try and sink any hardening as far as
1426 // possible.
1427 if (X86InstrInfo::isDataInvariantLoad(MI) && !isEFLAGSDefLive(MI)) {
1428 // Sink the instruction we'll need to harden as far as we can down
1429 // the graph.
1430 MachineInstr *SunkMI = sinkPostLoadHardenedInst(MI, HardenPostLoad);
1431
1432 // If we managed to sink this instruction, update everything so we
1433 // harden that instruction when we reach it in the instruction
1434 // sequence.
1435 if (SunkMI != &MI) {
1436 // If in sinking there was no instruction needing to be hardened,
1437 // we're done.
1438 if (!SunkMI)
1439 continue;
1440
1441 // Otherwise, add this to the set of defs we harden.
1442 HardenPostLoad.insert(SunkMI);
1443 continue;
1444 }
1445 }
1446
1447 unsigned HardenedReg = hardenPostLoad(MI);
1448
1449 // Mark the resulting hardened register as such so we don't re-harden.
1450 AddrRegToHardenedReg[HardenedReg] = HardenedReg;
1451
1452 continue;
1453 }
1454
1455 // Check for an indirect call or branch that may need its input hardened
1456 // even if we couldn't find the specific load used, or were able to
1457 // avoid hardening it for some reason. Note that here we cannot break
1458 // out afterward as we may still need to handle any call aspect of this
1459 // instruction.
1460 if ((MI.isCall() || MI.isBranch()) && HardenIndirectCallsAndJumps)
22
Assuming the condition is true
23
Assuming the condition is true
24
Taking true branch
1461 hardenIndirectCallOrJumpInstr(MI, AddrRegToHardenedReg);
25
Calling 'X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenIndirectCallOrJumpInstr'
1462 }
1463
1464 // After we finish hardening loads we handle interprocedural hardening if
1465 // enabled and relevant for this instruction.
1466 if (!HardenInterprocedurally)
1467 continue;
1468 if (!MI.isCall() && !MI.isReturn())
1469 continue;
1470
1471 // If this is a direct return (IE, not a tail call) just directly harden
1472 // it.
1473 if (MI.isReturn() && !MI.isCall()) {
1474 hardenReturnInstr(MI);
1475 continue;
1476 }
1477
1478 // Otherwise we have a call. We need to handle transferring the predicate
1479 // state into a call and recovering it after the call returns (unless this
1480 // is a tail call).
1481 assert(MI.isCall() && "Should only reach here for calls!")((void)0);
1482 tracePredStateThroughCall(MI);
1483 }
1484
1485 HardenPostLoad.clear();
1486 HardenLoadAddr.clear();
1487 HardenedAddrRegs.clear();
1488 AddrRegToHardenedReg.clear();
1489
1490 // Currently, we only track data-dependent loads within a basic block.
1491 // FIXME: We should see if this is necessary or if we could be more
1492 // aggressive here without opening up attack avenues.
1493 LoadDepRegs.clear();
1494 }
1495}
1496
1497/// Save EFLAGS into the returned GPR. This can in turn be restored with
1498/// `restoreEFLAGS`.
1499///
1500/// Note that LLVM can only lower very simple patterns of saved and restored
1501/// EFLAGS registers. The restore should always be within the same basic block
1502/// as the save so that no PHI nodes are inserted.
1503unsigned X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::saveEFLAGS(
1504 MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt,
1505 DebugLoc Loc) {
1506 // FIXME: Hard coding this to a 32-bit register class seems weird, but matches
1507 // what instruction selection does.
1508 Register Reg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(&X86::GR32RegClass);
1509 // We directly copy the FLAGS register and rely on later lowering to clean
1510 // this up into the appropriate setCC instructions.
1511 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::COPY), Reg).addReg(X86::EFLAGS);
1512 ++NumInstsInserted;
1513 return Reg;
1514}
1515
1516/// Restore EFLAGS from the provided GPR. This should be produced by
1517/// `saveEFLAGS`.
1518///
1519/// This must be done within the same basic block as the save in order to
1520/// reliably lower.
1521void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::restoreEFLAGS(
1522 MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt, DebugLoc Loc,
1523 Register Reg) {
1524 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::COPY), X86::EFLAGS).addReg(Reg);
1525 ++NumInstsInserted;
1526}
1527
1528/// Takes the current predicate state (in a register) and merges it into the
1529/// stack pointer. The state is essentially a single bit, but we merge this in
1530/// a way that won't form non-canonical pointers and also will be preserved
1531/// across normal stack adjustments.
1532void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::mergePredStateIntoSP(
1533 MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt, DebugLoc Loc,
1534 unsigned PredStateReg) {
1535 Register TmpReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
1536 // FIXME: This hard codes a shift distance based on the number of bits needed
1537 // to stay canonical on 64-bit. We should compute this somehow and support
1538 // 32-bit as part of that.
1539 auto ShiftI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::SHL64ri), TmpReg)
1540 .addReg(PredStateReg, RegState::Kill)
1541 .addImm(47);
1542 ShiftI->addRegisterDead(X86::EFLAGS, TRI);
1543 ++NumInstsInserted;
1544 auto OrI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::OR64rr), X86::RSP)
1545 .addReg(X86::RSP)
1546 .addReg(TmpReg, RegState::Kill);
1547 OrI->addRegisterDead(X86::EFLAGS, TRI);
1548 ++NumInstsInserted;
1549}
1550
1551/// Extracts the predicate state stored in the high bits of the stack pointer.
1552unsigned X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::extractPredStateFromSP(
1553 MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt,
1554 DebugLoc Loc) {
1555 Register PredStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
1556 Register TmpReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
1557
1558 // We know that the stack pointer will have any preserved predicate state in
1559 // its high bit. We just want to smear this across the other bits. Turns out,
1560 // this is exactly what an arithmetic right shift does.
1561 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(TargetOpcode::COPY), TmpReg)
1562 .addReg(X86::RSP);
1563 auto ShiftI =
1564 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::SAR64ri), PredStateReg)
1565 .addReg(TmpReg, RegState::Kill)
1566 .addImm(TRI->getRegSizeInBits(*PS->RC) - 1);
1567 ShiftI->addRegisterDead(X86::EFLAGS, TRI);
1568 ++NumInstsInserted;
1569
1570 return PredStateReg;
1571}
1572
1573void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenLoadAddr(
1574 MachineInstr &MI, MachineOperand &BaseMO, MachineOperand &IndexMO,
1575 SmallDenseMap<unsigned, unsigned, 32> &AddrRegToHardenedReg) {
1576 MachineBasicBlock &MBB = *MI.getParent();
1577 const DebugLoc &Loc = MI.getDebugLoc();
1578
1579 // Check if EFLAGS are alive by seeing if there is a def of them or they
1580 // live-in, and then seeing if that def is in turn used.
1581 bool EFLAGSLive = isEFLAGSLive(MBB, MI.getIterator(), *TRI);
1582
1583 SmallVector<MachineOperand *, 2> HardenOpRegs;
1584
1585 if (BaseMO.isFI()) {
1586 // A frame index is never a dynamically controllable load, so only
1587 // harden it if we're covering fixed address loads as well.
1588 LLVM_DEBUG(do { } while (false)
1589 dbgs() << " Skipping hardening base of explicit stack frame load: ";do { } while (false)
1590 MI.dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1591 } else if (BaseMO.getReg() == X86::RSP) {
1592 // Some idempotent atomic operations are lowered directly to a locked
1593 // OR with 0 to the top of stack(or slightly offset from top) which uses an
1594 // explicit RSP register as the base.
1595 assert(IndexMO.getReg() == X86::NoRegister &&((void)0)
1596 "Explicit RSP access with dynamic index!")((void)0);
1597 LLVM_DEBUG(do { } while (false)
1598 dbgs() << " Cannot harden base of explicit RSP offset in a load!")do { } while (false);
1599 } else if (BaseMO.getReg() == X86::RIP ||
1600 BaseMO.getReg() == X86::NoRegister) {
1601 // For both RIP-relative addressed loads or absolute loads, we cannot
1602 // meaningfully harden them because the address being loaded has no
1603 // dynamic component.
1604 //
1605 // FIXME: When using a segment base (like TLS does) we end up with the
1606 // dynamic address being the base plus -1 because we can't mutate the
1607 // segment register here. This allows the signed 32-bit offset to point at
1608 // valid segment-relative addresses and load them successfully.
1609 LLVM_DEBUG(do { } while (false)
1610 dbgs() << " Cannot harden base of "do { } while (false)
1611 << (BaseMO.getReg() == X86::RIP ? "RIP-relative" : "no-base")do { } while (false)
1612 << " address in a load!")do { } while (false);
1613 } else {
1614 assert(BaseMO.isReg() &&((void)0)
1615 "Only allowed to have a frame index or register base.")((void)0);
1616 HardenOpRegs.push_back(&BaseMO);
1617 }
1618
1619 if (IndexMO.getReg() != X86::NoRegister &&
1620 (HardenOpRegs.empty() ||
1621 HardenOpRegs.front()->getReg() != IndexMO.getReg()))
1622 HardenOpRegs.push_back(&IndexMO);
1623
1624 assert((HardenOpRegs.size() == 1 || HardenOpRegs.size() == 2) &&((void)0)
1625 "Should have exactly one or two registers to harden!")((void)0);
1626 assert((HardenOpRegs.size() == 1 ||((void)0)
1627 HardenOpRegs[0]->getReg() != HardenOpRegs[1]->getReg()) &&((void)0)
1628 "Should not have two of the same registers!")((void)0);
1629
1630 // Remove any registers that have alreaded been checked.
1631 llvm::erase_if(HardenOpRegs, [&](MachineOperand *Op) {
1632 // See if this operand's register has already been checked.
1633 auto It = AddrRegToHardenedReg.find(Op->getReg());
1634 if (It == AddrRegToHardenedReg.end())
1635 // Not checked, so retain this one.
1636 return false;
1637
1638 // Otherwise, we can directly update this operand and remove it.
1639 Op->setReg(It->second);
1640 return true;
1641 });
1642 // If there are none left, we're done.
1643 if (HardenOpRegs.empty())
1644 return;
1645
1646 // Compute the current predicate state.
1647 unsigned StateReg = PS->SSA.GetValueAtEndOfBlock(&MBB);
1648
1649 auto InsertPt = MI.getIterator();
1650
1651 // If EFLAGS are live and we don't have access to instructions that avoid
1652 // clobbering EFLAGS we need to save and restore them. This in turn makes
1653 // the EFLAGS no longer live.
1654 unsigned FlagsReg = 0;
1655 if (EFLAGSLive && !Subtarget->hasBMI2()) {
1656 EFLAGSLive = false;
1657 FlagsReg = saveEFLAGS(MBB, InsertPt, Loc);
1658 }
1659
1660 for (MachineOperand *Op : HardenOpRegs) {
1661 Register OpReg = Op->getReg();
1662 auto *OpRC = MRI->getRegClass(OpReg);
1663 Register TmpReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(OpRC);
1664
1665 // If this is a vector register, we'll need somewhat custom logic to handle
1666 // hardening it.
1667 if (!Subtarget->hasVLX() && (OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR128RegClass) ||
1668 OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR256RegClass))) {
1669 assert(Subtarget->hasAVX2() && "AVX2-specific register classes!")((void)0);
1670 bool Is128Bit = OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR128RegClass);
1671
1672 // Move our state into a vector register.
1673 // FIXME: We could skip this at the cost of longer encodings with AVX-512
1674 // but that doesn't seem likely worth it.
1675 Register VStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(&X86::VR128RegClass);
1676 auto MovI =
1677 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::VMOV64toPQIrr), VStateReg)
1678 .addReg(StateReg);
1679 (void)MovI;
1680 ++NumInstsInserted;
1681 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting mov: "; MovI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1682
1683 // Broadcast it across the vector register.
1684 Register VBStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(OpRC);
1685 auto BroadcastI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc,
1686 TII->get(Is128Bit ? X86::VPBROADCASTQrr
1687 : X86::VPBROADCASTQYrr),
1688 VBStateReg)
1689 .addReg(VStateReg);
1690 (void)BroadcastI;
1691 ++NumInstsInserted;
1692 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting broadcast: "; BroadcastI->dump();do { } while (false)
1693 dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1694
1695 // Merge our potential poison state into the value with a vector or.
1696 auto OrI =
1697 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc,
1698 TII->get(Is128Bit ? X86::VPORrr : X86::VPORYrr), TmpReg)
1699 .addReg(VBStateReg)
1700 .addReg(OpReg);
1701 (void)OrI;
1702 ++NumInstsInserted;
1703 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting or: "; OrI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1704 } else if (OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR128XRegClass) ||
1705 OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR256XRegClass) ||
1706 OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR512RegClass)) {
1707 assert(Subtarget->hasAVX512() && "AVX512-specific register classes!")((void)0);
1708 bool Is128Bit = OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR128XRegClass);
1709 bool Is256Bit = OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::VR256XRegClass);
1710 if (Is128Bit || Is256Bit)
1711 assert(Subtarget->hasVLX() && "AVX512VL-specific register classes!")((void)0);
1712
1713 // Broadcast our state into a vector register.
1714 Register VStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(OpRC);
1715 unsigned BroadcastOp = Is128Bit ? X86::VPBROADCASTQrZ128rr
1716 : Is256Bit ? X86::VPBROADCASTQrZ256rr
1717 : X86::VPBROADCASTQrZrr;
1718 auto BroadcastI =
1719 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(BroadcastOp), VStateReg)
1720 .addReg(StateReg);
1721 (void)BroadcastI;
1722 ++NumInstsInserted;
1723 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting broadcast: "; BroadcastI->dump();do { } while (false)
1724 dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1725
1726 // Merge our potential poison state into the value with a vector or.
1727 unsigned OrOp = Is128Bit ? X86::VPORQZ128rr
1728 : Is256Bit ? X86::VPORQZ256rr : X86::VPORQZrr;
1729 auto OrI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(OrOp), TmpReg)
1730 .addReg(VStateReg)
1731 .addReg(OpReg);
1732 (void)OrI;
1733 ++NumInstsInserted;
1734 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting or: "; OrI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1735 } else {
1736 // FIXME: Need to support GR32 here for 32-bit code.
1737 assert(OpRC->hasSuperClassEq(&X86::GR64RegClass) &&((void)0)
1738 "Not a supported register class for address hardening!")((void)0);
1739
1740 if (!EFLAGSLive) {
1741 // Merge our potential poison state into the value with an or.
1742 auto OrI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::OR64rr), TmpReg)
1743 .addReg(StateReg)
1744 .addReg(OpReg);
1745 OrI->addRegisterDead(X86::EFLAGS, TRI);
1746 ++NumInstsInserted;
1747 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting or: "; OrI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1748 } else {
1749 // We need to avoid touching EFLAGS so shift out all but the least
1750 // significant bit using the instruction that doesn't update flags.
1751 auto ShiftI =
1752 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::SHRX64rr), TmpReg)
1753 .addReg(OpReg)
1754 .addReg(StateReg);
1755 (void)ShiftI;
1756 ++NumInstsInserted;
1757 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting shrx: "; ShiftI->dump();do { } while (false)
1758 dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1759 }
1760 }
1761
1762 // Record this register as checked and update the operand.
1763 assert(!AddrRegToHardenedReg.count(Op->getReg()) &&((void)0)
1764 "Should not have checked this register yet!")((void)0);
1765 AddrRegToHardenedReg[Op->getReg()] = TmpReg;
1766 Op->setReg(TmpReg);
1767 ++NumAddrRegsHardened;
1768 }
1769
1770 // And restore the flags if needed.
1771 if (FlagsReg)
1772 restoreEFLAGS(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, FlagsReg);
1773}
1774
1775MachineInstr *X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::sinkPostLoadHardenedInst(
1776 MachineInstr &InitialMI, SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineInstr *> &HardenedInstrs) {
1777 assert(X86InstrInfo::isDataInvariantLoad(InitialMI) &&((void)0)
1778 "Cannot get here with a non-invariant load!")((void)0);
1779 assert(!isEFLAGSDefLive(InitialMI) &&((void)0)
1780 "Cannot get here with a data invariant load "((void)0)
1781 "that interferes with EFLAGS!")((void)0);
1782
1783 // See if we can sink hardening the loaded value.
1784 auto SinkCheckToSingleUse =
1785 [&](MachineInstr &MI) -> Optional<MachineInstr *> {
1786 Register DefReg = MI.getOperand(0).getReg();
1787
1788 // We need to find a single use which we can sink the check. We can
1789 // primarily do this because many uses may already end up checked on their
1790 // own.
1791 MachineInstr *SingleUseMI = nullptr;
1792 for (MachineInstr &UseMI : MRI->use_instructions(DefReg)) {
1793 // If we're already going to harden this use, it is data invariant, it
1794 // does not interfere with EFLAGS, and within our block.
1795 if (HardenedInstrs.count(&UseMI)) {
1796 if (!X86InstrInfo::isDataInvariantLoad(UseMI) || isEFLAGSDefLive(UseMI)) {
1797 // If we've already decided to harden a non-load, we must have sunk
1798 // some other post-load hardened instruction to it and it must itself
1799 // be data-invariant.
1800 assert(X86InstrInfo::isDataInvariant(UseMI) &&((void)0)
1801 "Data variant instruction being hardened!")((void)0);
1802 continue;
1803 }
1804
1805 // Otherwise, this is a load and the load component can't be data
1806 // invariant so check how this register is being used.
1807 const MCInstrDesc &Desc = UseMI.getDesc();
1808 int MemRefBeginIdx = X86II::getMemoryOperandNo(Desc.TSFlags);
1809 assert(MemRefBeginIdx >= 0 &&((void)0)
1810 "Should always have mem references here!")((void)0);
1811 MemRefBeginIdx += X86II::getOperandBias(Desc);
1812
1813 MachineOperand &BaseMO =
1814 UseMI.getOperand(MemRefBeginIdx + X86::AddrBaseReg);
1815 MachineOperand &IndexMO =
1816 UseMI.getOperand(MemRefBeginIdx + X86::AddrIndexReg);
1817 if ((BaseMO.isReg() && BaseMO.getReg() == DefReg) ||
1818 (IndexMO.isReg() && IndexMO.getReg() == DefReg))
1819 // The load uses the register as part of its address making it not
1820 // invariant.
1821 return {};
1822
1823 continue;
1824 }
1825
1826 if (SingleUseMI)
1827 // We already have a single use, this would make two. Bail.
1828 return {};
1829
1830 // If this single use isn't data invariant, isn't in this block, or has
1831 // interfering EFLAGS, we can't sink the hardening to it.
1832 if (!X86InstrInfo::isDataInvariant(UseMI) || UseMI.getParent() != MI.getParent() ||
1833 isEFLAGSDefLive(UseMI))
1834 return {};
1835
1836 // If this instruction defines multiple registers bail as we won't harden
1837 // all of them.
1838 if (UseMI.getDesc().getNumDefs() > 1)
1839 return {};
1840
1841 // If this register isn't a virtual register we can't walk uses of sanely,
1842 // just bail. Also check that its register class is one of the ones we
1843 // can harden.
1844 Register UseDefReg = UseMI.getOperand(0).getReg();
1845 if (!UseDefReg.isVirtual() || !canHardenRegister(UseDefReg))
1846 return {};
1847
1848 SingleUseMI = &UseMI;
1849 }
1850
1851 // If SingleUseMI is still null, there is no use that needs its own
1852 // checking. Otherwise, it is the single use that needs checking.
1853 return {SingleUseMI};
1854 };
1855
1856 MachineInstr *MI = &InitialMI;
1857 while (Optional<MachineInstr *> SingleUse = SinkCheckToSingleUse(*MI)) {
1858 // Update which MI we're checking now.
1859 MI = *SingleUse;
1860 if (!MI)
1861 break;
1862 }
1863
1864 return MI;
1865}
1866
1867bool X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::canHardenRegister(Register Reg) {
1868 auto *RC = MRI->getRegClass(Reg);
1869 int RegBytes = TRI->getRegSizeInBits(*RC) / 8;
1870 if (RegBytes > 8)
1871 // We don't support post-load hardening of vectors.
1872 return false;
1873
1874 unsigned RegIdx = Log2_32(RegBytes);
1875 assert(RegIdx < 4 && "Unsupported register size")((void)0);
1876
1877 // If this register class is explicitly constrained to a class that doesn't
1878 // require REX prefix, we may not be able to satisfy that constraint when
1879 // emitting the hardening instructions, so bail out here.
1880 // FIXME: This seems like a pretty lame hack. The way this comes up is when we
1881 // end up both with a NOREX and REX-only register as operands to the hardening
1882 // instructions. It would be better to fix that code to handle this situation
1883 // rather than hack around it in this way.
1884 const TargetRegisterClass *NOREXRegClasses[] = {
1885 &X86::GR8_NOREXRegClass, &X86::GR16_NOREXRegClass,
1886 &X86::GR32_NOREXRegClass, &X86::GR64_NOREXRegClass};
1887 if (RC == NOREXRegClasses[RegIdx])
1888 return false;
1889
1890 const TargetRegisterClass *GPRRegClasses[] = {
1891 &X86::GR8RegClass, &X86::GR16RegClass, &X86::GR32RegClass,
1892 &X86::GR64RegClass};
1893 return RC->hasSuperClassEq(GPRRegClasses[RegIdx]);
1894}
1895
1896/// Harden a value in a register.
1897///
1898/// This is the low-level logic to fully harden a value sitting in a register
1899/// against leaking during speculative execution.
1900///
1901/// Unlike hardening an address that is used by a load, this routine is required
1902/// to hide *all* incoming bits in the register.
1903///
1904/// `Reg` must be a virtual register. Currently, it is required to be a GPR no
1905/// larger than the predicate state register. FIXME: We should support vector
1906/// registers here by broadcasting the predicate state.
1907///
1908/// The new, hardened virtual register is returned. It will have the same
1909/// register class as `Reg`.
1910unsigned X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenValueInRegister(
1911 Register Reg, MachineBasicBlock &MBB, MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPt,
1912 DebugLoc Loc) {
1913 assert(canHardenRegister(Reg) && "Cannot harden this register!")((void)0);
1914 assert(Reg.isVirtual() && "Cannot harden a physical register!")((void)0);
1915
1916 auto *RC = MRI->getRegClass(Reg);
1917 int Bytes = TRI->getRegSizeInBits(*RC) / 8;
1918 unsigned StateReg = PS->SSA.GetValueAtEndOfBlock(&MBB);
1919 assert((Bytes == 1 || Bytes == 2 || Bytes == 4 || Bytes == 8) &&((void)0)
1920 "Unknown register size")((void)0);
1921
1922 // FIXME: Need to teach this about 32-bit mode.
1923 if (Bytes != 8) {
32
Assuming 'Bytes' is not equal to 8
33
Taking true branch
1924 unsigned SubRegImms[] = {X86::sub_8bit, X86::sub_16bit, X86::sub_32bit};
1925 unsigned SubRegImm = SubRegImms[Log2_32(Bytes)];
34
Calling 'Log2_32'
36
Returning from 'Log2_32'
37
Assigned value is garbage or undefined
1926 Register NarrowStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(RC);
1927 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(TargetOpcode::COPY), NarrowStateReg)
1928 .addReg(StateReg, 0, SubRegImm);
1929 StateReg = NarrowStateReg;
1930 }
1931
1932 unsigned FlagsReg = 0;
1933 if (isEFLAGSLive(MBB, InsertPt, *TRI))
1934 FlagsReg = saveEFLAGS(MBB, InsertPt, Loc);
1935
1936 Register NewReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(RC);
1937 unsigned OrOpCodes[] = {X86::OR8rr, X86::OR16rr, X86::OR32rr, X86::OR64rr};
1938 unsigned OrOpCode = OrOpCodes[Log2_32(Bytes)];
1939 auto OrI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(OrOpCode), NewReg)
1940 .addReg(StateReg)
1941 .addReg(Reg);
1942 OrI->addRegisterDead(X86::EFLAGS, TRI);
1943 ++NumInstsInserted;
1944 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting or: "; OrI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
1945
1946 if (FlagsReg)
1947 restoreEFLAGS(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, FlagsReg);
1948
1949 return NewReg;
1950}
1951
1952/// Harden a load by hardening the loaded value in the defined register.
1953///
1954/// We can harden a non-leaking load into a register without touching the
1955/// address by just hiding all of the loaded bits during misspeculation. We use
1956/// an `or` instruction to do this because we set up our poison value as all
1957/// ones. And the goal is just for the loaded bits to not be exposed to
1958/// execution and coercing them to one is sufficient.
1959///
1960/// Returns the newly hardened register.
1961unsigned X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenPostLoad(MachineInstr &MI) {
1962 MachineBasicBlock &MBB = *MI.getParent();
1963 const DebugLoc &Loc = MI.getDebugLoc();
1964
1965 auto &DefOp = MI.getOperand(0);
1966 Register OldDefReg = DefOp.getReg();
1967 auto *DefRC = MRI->getRegClass(OldDefReg);
1968
1969 // Because we want to completely replace the uses of this def'ed value with
1970 // the hardened value, create a dedicated new register that will only be used
1971 // to communicate the unhardened value to the hardening.
1972 Register UnhardenedReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(DefRC);
1973 DefOp.setReg(UnhardenedReg);
1974
1975 // Now harden this register's value, getting a hardened reg that is safe to
1976 // use. Note that we insert the instructions to compute this *after* the
1977 // defining instruction, not before it.
1978 unsigned HardenedReg = hardenValueInRegister(
1979 UnhardenedReg, MBB, std::next(MI.getIterator()), Loc);
1980
1981 // Finally, replace the old register (which now only has the uses of the
1982 // original def) with the hardened register.
1983 MRI->replaceRegWith(/*FromReg*/ OldDefReg, /*ToReg*/ HardenedReg);
1984
1985 ++NumPostLoadRegsHardened;
1986 return HardenedReg;
1987}
1988
1989/// Harden a return instruction.
1990///
1991/// Returns implicitly perform a load which we need to harden. Without hardening
1992/// this load, an attacker my speculatively write over the return address to
1993/// steer speculation of the return to an attacker controlled address. This is
1994/// called Spectre v1.1 or Bounds Check Bypass Store (BCBS) and is described in
1995/// this paper:
1996/// https://people.csail.mit.edu/vlk/spectre11.pdf
1997///
1998/// We can harden this by introducing an LFENCE that will delay any load of the
1999/// return address until prior instructions have retired (and thus are not being
2000/// speculated), or we can harden the address used by the implicit load: the
2001/// stack pointer.
2002///
2003/// If we are not using an LFENCE, hardening the stack pointer has an additional
2004/// benefit: it allows us to pass the predicate state accumulated in this
2005/// function back to the caller. In the absence of a BCBS attack on the return,
2006/// the caller will typically be resumed and speculatively executed due to the
2007/// Return Stack Buffer (RSB) prediction which is very accurate and has a high
2008/// priority. It is possible that some code from the caller will be executed
2009/// speculatively even during a BCBS-attacked return until the steering takes
2010/// effect. Whenever this happens, the caller can recover the (poisoned)
2011/// predicate state from the stack pointer and continue to harden loads.
2012void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenReturnInstr(MachineInstr &MI) {
2013 MachineBasicBlock &MBB = *MI.getParent();
2014 const DebugLoc &Loc = MI.getDebugLoc();
2015 auto InsertPt = MI.getIterator();
2016
2017 if (FenceCallAndRet)
2018 // No need to fence here as we'll fence at the return site itself. That
2019 // handles more cases than we can handle here.
2020 return;
2021
2022 // Take our predicate state, shift it to the high 17 bits (so that we keep
2023 // pointers canonical) and merge it into RSP. This will allow the caller to
2024 // extract it when we return (speculatively).
2025 mergePredStateIntoSP(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, PS->SSA.GetValueAtEndOfBlock(&MBB));
2026}
2027
2028/// Trace the predicate state through a call.
2029///
2030/// There are several layers of this needed to handle the full complexity of
2031/// calls.
2032///
2033/// First, we need to send the predicate state into the called function. We do
2034/// this by merging it into the high bits of the stack pointer.
2035///
2036/// For tail calls, this is all we need to do.
2037///
2038/// For calls where we might return and resume the control flow, we need to
2039/// extract the predicate state from the high bits of the stack pointer after
2040/// control returns from the called function.
2041///
2042/// We also need to verify that we intended to return to this location in the
2043/// code. An attacker might arrange for the processor to mispredict the return
2044/// to this valid but incorrect return address in the program rather than the
2045/// correct one. See the paper on this attack, called "ret2spec" by the
2046/// researchers, here:
2047/// https://christian-rossow.de/publications/ret2spec-ccs2018.pdf
2048///
2049/// The way we verify that we returned to the correct location is by preserving
2050/// the expected return address across the call. One technique involves taking
2051/// advantage of the red-zone to load the return address from `8(%rsp)` where it
2052/// was left by the RET instruction when it popped `%rsp`. Alternatively, we can
2053/// directly save the address into a register that will be preserved across the
2054/// call. We compare this intended return address against the address
2055/// immediately following the call (the observed return address). If these
2056/// mismatch, we have detected misspeculation and can poison our predicate
2057/// state.
2058void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::tracePredStateThroughCall(
2059 MachineInstr &MI) {
2060 MachineBasicBlock &MBB = *MI.getParent();
2061 MachineFunction &MF = *MBB.getParent();
2062 auto InsertPt = MI.getIterator();
2063 const DebugLoc &Loc = MI.getDebugLoc();
2064
2065 if (FenceCallAndRet) {
2066 if (MI.isReturn())
2067 // Tail call, we don't return to this function.
2068 // FIXME: We should also handle noreturn calls.
2069 return;
2070
2071 // We don't need to fence before the call because the function should fence
2072 // in its entry. However, we do need to fence after the call returns.
2073 // Fencing before the return doesn't correctly handle cases where the return
2074 // itself is mispredicted.
2075 BuildMI(MBB, std::next(InsertPt), Loc, TII->get(X86::LFENCE));
2076 ++NumInstsInserted;
2077 ++NumLFENCEsInserted;
2078 return;
2079 }
2080
2081 // First, we transfer the predicate state into the called function by merging
2082 // it into the stack pointer. This will kill the current def of the state.
2083 unsigned StateReg = PS->SSA.GetValueAtEndOfBlock(&MBB);
2084 mergePredStateIntoSP(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, StateReg);
2085
2086 // If this call is also a return, it is a tail call and we don't need anything
2087 // else to handle it so just return. Also, if there are no further
2088 // instructions and no successors, this call does not return so we can also
2089 // bail.
2090 if (MI.isReturn() || (std::next(InsertPt) == MBB.end() && MBB.succ_empty()))
2091 return;
2092
2093 // Create a symbol to track the return address and attach it to the call
2094 // machine instruction. We will lower extra symbols attached to call
2095 // instructions as label immediately following the call.
2096 MCSymbol *RetSymbol =
2097 MF.getContext().createTempSymbol("slh_ret_addr",
2098 /*AlwaysAddSuffix*/ true);
2099 MI.setPostInstrSymbol(MF, RetSymbol);
2100
2101 const TargetRegisterClass *AddrRC = &X86::GR64RegClass;
2102 unsigned ExpectedRetAddrReg = 0;
2103
2104 // If we have no red zones or if the function returns twice (possibly without
2105 // using the `ret` instruction) like setjmp, we need to save the expected
2106 // return address prior to the call.
2107 if (!Subtarget->getFrameLowering()->has128ByteRedZone(MF) ||
2108 MF.exposesReturnsTwice()) {
2109 // If we don't have red zones, we need to compute the expected return
2110 // address prior to the call and store it in a register that lives across
2111 // the call.
2112 //
2113 // In some ways, this is doubly satisfying as a mitigation because it will
2114 // also successfully detect stack smashing bugs in some cases (typically,
2115 // when a callee-saved register is used and the callee doesn't push it onto
2116 // the stack). But that isn't our primary goal, so we only use it as
2117 // a fallback.
2118 //
2119 // FIXME: It isn't clear that this is reliable in the face of
2120 // rematerialization in the register allocator. We somehow need to force
2121 // that to not occur for this particular instruction, and instead to spill
2122 // or otherwise preserve the value computed *prior* to the call.
2123 //
2124 // FIXME: It is even less clear why MachineCSE can't just fold this when we
2125 // end up having to use identical instructions both before and after the
2126 // call to feed the comparison.
2127 ExpectedRetAddrReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(AddrRC);
2128 if (MF.getTarget().getCodeModel() == CodeModel::Small &&
2129 !Subtarget->isPositionIndependent()) {
2130 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::MOV64ri32), ExpectedRetAddrReg)
2131 .addSym(RetSymbol);
2132 } else {
2133 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::LEA64r), ExpectedRetAddrReg)
2134 .addReg(/*Base*/ X86::RIP)
2135 .addImm(/*Scale*/ 1)
2136 .addReg(/*Index*/ 0)
2137 .addSym(RetSymbol)
2138 .addReg(/*Segment*/ 0);
2139 }
2140 }
2141
2142 // Step past the call to handle when it returns.
2143 ++InsertPt;
2144
2145 // If we didn't pre-compute the expected return address into a register, then
2146 // red zones are enabled and the return address is still available on the
2147 // stack immediately after the call. As the very first instruction, we load it
2148 // into a register.
2149 if (!ExpectedRetAddrReg) {
2150 ExpectedRetAddrReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(AddrRC);
2151 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::MOV64rm), ExpectedRetAddrReg)
2152 .addReg(/*Base*/ X86::RSP)
2153 .addImm(/*Scale*/ 1)
2154 .addReg(/*Index*/ 0)
2155 .addImm(/*Displacement*/ -8) // The stack pointer has been popped, so
2156 // the return address is 8-bytes past it.
2157 .addReg(/*Segment*/ 0);
2158 }
2159
2160 // Now we extract the callee's predicate state from the stack pointer.
2161 unsigned NewStateReg = extractPredStateFromSP(MBB, InsertPt, Loc);
2162
2163 // Test the expected return address against our actual address. If we can
2164 // form this basic block's address as an immediate, this is easy. Otherwise
2165 // we compute it.
2166 if (MF.getTarget().getCodeModel() == CodeModel::Small &&
2167 !Subtarget->isPositionIndependent()) {
2168 // FIXME: Could we fold this with the load? It would require careful EFLAGS
2169 // management.
2170 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::CMP64ri32))
2171 .addReg(ExpectedRetAddrReg, RegState::Kill)
2172 .addSym(RetSymbol);
2173 } else {
2174 Register ActualRetAddrReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(AddrRC);
2175 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::LEA64r), ActualRetAddrReg)
2176 .addReg(/*Base*/ X86::RIP)
2177 .addImm(/*Scale*/ 1)
2178 .addReg(/*Index*/ 0)
2179 .addSym(RetSymbol)
2180 .addReg(/*Segment*/ 0);
2181 BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(X86::CMP64rr))
2182 .addReg(ExpectedRetAddrReg, RegState::Kill)
2183 .addReg(ActualRetAddrReg, RegState::Kill);
2184 }
2185
2186 // Now conditionally update the predicate state we just extracted if we ended
2187 // up at a different return address than expected.
2188 int PredStateSizeInBytes = TRI->getRegSizeInBits(*PS->RC) / 8;
2189 auto CMovOp = X86::getCMovOpcode(PredStateSizeInBytes);
2190
2191 Register UpdatedStateReg = MRI->createVirtualRegister(PS->RC);
2192 auto CMovI = BuildMI(MBB, InsertPt, Loc, TII->get(CMovOp), UpdatedStateReg)
2193 .addReg(NewStateReg, RegState::Kill)
2194 .addReg(PS->PoisonReg)
2195 .addImm(X86::COND_NE);
2196 CMovI->findRegisterUseOperand(X86::EFLAGS)->setIsKill(true);
2197 ++NumInstsInserted;
2198 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Inserting cmov: "; CMovI->dump(); dbgs() << "\n")do { } while (false);
2199
2200 PS->SSA.AddAvailableValue(&MBB, UpdatedStateReg);
2201}
2202
2203/// An attacker may speculatively store over a value that is then speculatively
2204/// loaded and used as the target of an indirect call or jump instruction. This
2205/// is called Spectre v1.2 or Bounds Check Bypass Store (BCBS) and is described
2206/// in this paper:
2207/// https://people.csail.mit.edu/vlk/spectre11.pdf
2208///
2209/// When this happens, the speculative execution of the call or jump will end up
2210/// being steered to this attacker controlled address. While most such loads
2211/// will be adequately hardened already, we want to ensure that they are
2212/// definitively treated as needing post-load hardening. While address hardening
2213/// is sufficient to prevent secret data from leaking to the attacker, it may
2214/// not be sufficient to prevent an attacker from steering speculative
2215/// execution. We forcibly unfolded all relevant loads above and so will always
2216/// have an opportunity to post-load harden here, we just need to scan for cases
2217/// not already flagged and add them.
2218void X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenIndirectCallOrJumpInstr(
2219 MachineInstr &MI,
2220 SmallDenseMap<unsigned, unsigned, 32> &AddrRegToHardenedReg) {
2221 switch (MI.getOpcode()) {
26
Control jumps to the 'default' case at line 2232
2222 case X86::FARCALL16m:
2223 case X86::FARCALL32m:
2224 case X86::FARCALL64m:
2225 case X86::FARJMP16m:
2226 case X86::FARJMP32m:
2227 case X86::FARJMP64m:
2228 // We don't need to harden either far calls or far jumps as they are
2229 // safe from Spectre.
2230 return;
2231
2232 default:
2233 break;
27
Execution continues on line 2238
2234 }
2235
2236 // We should never see a loading instruction at this point, as those should
2237 // have been unfolded.
2238 assert(!MI.mayLoad() && "Found a lingering loading instruction!")((void)0);
2239
2240 // If the first operand isn't a register, this is a branch or call
2241 // instruction with an immediate operand which doesn't need to be hardened.
2242 if (!MI.getOperand(0).isReg())
28
Taking false branch
2243 return;
2244
2245 // For all of these, the target register is the first operand of the
2246 // instruction.
2247 auto &TargetOp = MI.getOperand(0);
2248 Register OldTargetReg = TargetOp.getReg();
2249
2250 // Try to lookup a hardened version of this register. We retain a reference
2251 // here as we want to update the map to track any newly computed hardened
2252 // register.
2253 unsigned &HardenedTargetReg = AddrRegToHardenedReg[OldTargetReg];
2254
2255 // If we don't have a hardened register yet, compute one. Otherwise, just use
2256 // the already hardened register.
2257 //
2258 // FIXME: It is a little suspect that we use partially hardened registers that
2259 // only feed addresses. The complexity of partial hardening with SHRX
2260 // continues to pile up. Should definitively measure its value and consider
2261 // eliminating it.
2262 if (!HardenedTargetReg)
29
Assuming 'HardenedTargetReg' is 0
30
Taking true branch
2263 HardenedTargetReg = hardenValueInRegister(
31
Calling 'X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::hardenValueInRegister'
2264 OldTargetReg, *MI.getParent(), MI.getIterator(), MI.getDebugLoc());
2265
2266 // Set the target operand to the hardened register.
2267 TargetOp.setReg(HardenedTargetReg);
2268
2269 ++NumCallsOrJumpsHardened;
2270}
2271
2272INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass, PASS_KEY,static void *initializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassOnce
(PassRegistry &Registry) {
2273 "X86 speculative load hardener", false, false)static void *initializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassOnce
(PassRegistry &Registry) {
2274INITIALIZE_PASS_END(X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass, PASS_KEY,PassInfo *PI = new PassInfo( "X86 speculative load hardener",
"x86-slh", &X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::ID, PassInfo
::NormalCtor_t(callDefaultCtor<X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass
>), false, false); Registry.registerPass(*PI, true); return
PI; } static llvm::once_flag InitializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassFlag
; void llvm::initializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPass(PassRegistry
&Registry) { llvm::call_once(InitializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassFlag
, initializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassOnce, std::ref
(Registry)); }
2275 "X86 speculative load hardener", false, false)PassInfo *PI = new PassInfo( "X86 speculative load hardener",
"x86-slh", &X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass::ID, PassInfo
::NormalCtor_t(callDefaultCtor<X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass
>), false, false); Registry.registerPass(*PI, true); return
PI; } static llvm::once_flag InitializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassFlag
; void llvm::initializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPass(PassRegistry
&Registry) { llvm::call_once(InitializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassFlag
, initializeX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPassPassOnce, std::ref
(Registry)); }
2276
2277FunctionPass *llvm::createX86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass() {
2278 return new X86SpeculativeLoadHardeningPass();
2279}

/usr/src/gnu/usr.bin/clang/libLLVM/../../../llvm/llvm/include/llvm/Support/MathExtras.h

1//===-- llvm/Support/MathExtras.h - Useful math functions -------*- C++ -*-===//
2//
3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6//
7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8//
9// This file contains some functions that are useful for math stuff.
10//
11//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
12
13#ifndef LLVM_SUPPORT_MATHEXTRAS_H
14#define LLVM_SUPPORT_MATHEXTRAS_H
15
16#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
17#include <cassert>
18#include <climits>
19#include <cmath>
20#include <cstdint>
21#include <cstring>
22#include <limits>
23#include <type_traits>
24
25#ifdef __ANDROID_NDK__
26#include <android/api-level.h>
27#endif
28
29#ifdef _MSC_VER
30// Declare these intrinsics manually rather including intrin.h. It's very
31// expensive, and MathExtras.h is popular.
32// #include <intrin.h>
33extern "C" {
34unsigned char _BitScanForward(unsigned long *_Index, unsigned long _Mask);
35unsigned char _BitScanForward64(unsigned long *_Index, unsigned __int64 _Mask);
36unsigned char _BitScanReverse(unsigned long *_Index, unsigned long _Mask);
37unsigned char _BitScanReverse64(unsigned long *_Index, unsigned __int64 _Mask);
38}
39#endif
40
41namespace llvm {
42
43/// The behavior an operation has on an input of 0.
44enum ZeroBehavior {
45 /// The returned value is undefined.
46 ZB_Undefined,
47 /// The returned value is numeric_limits<T>::max()
48 ZB_Max,
49 /// The returned value is numeric_limits<T>::digits
50 ZB_Width
51};
52
53/// Mathematical constants.
54namespace numbers {
55// TODO: Track C++20 std::numbers.
56// TODO: Favor using the hexadecimal FP constants (requires C++17).
57constexpr double e = 2.7182818284590452354, // (0x1.5bf0a8b145749P+1) https://oeis.org/A001113
58 egamma = .57721566490153286061, // (0x1.2788cfc6fb619P-1) https://oeis.org/A001620
59 ln2 = .69314718055994530942, // (0x1.62e42fefa39efP-1) https://oeis.org/A002162
60 ln10 = 2.3025850929940456840, // (0x1.24bb1bbb55516P+1) https://oeis.org/A002392
61 log2e = 1.4426950408889634074, // (0x1.71547652b82feP+0)
62 log10e = .43429448190325182765, // (0x1.bcb7b1526e50eP-2)
63 pi = 3.1415926535897932385, // (0x1.921fb54442d18P+1) https://oeis.org/A000796
64 inv_pi = .31830988618379067154, // (0x1.45f306bc9c883P-2) https://oeis.org/A049541
65 sqrtpi = 1.7724538509055160273, // (0x1.c5bf891b4ef6bP+0) https://oeis.org/A002161
66 inv_sqrtpi = .56418958354775628695, // (0x1.20dd750429b6dP-1) https://oeis.org/A087197
67 sqrt2 = 1.4142135623730950488, // (0x1.6a09e667f3bcdP+0) https://oeis.org/A00219
68 inv_sqrt2 = .70710678118654752440, // (0x1.6a09e667f3bcdP-1)
69 sqrt3 = 1.7320508075688772935, // (0x1.bb67ae8584caaP+0) https://oeis.org/A002194
70 inv_sqrt3 = .57735026918962576451, // (0x1.279a74590331cP-1)
71 phi = 1.6180339887498948482; // (0x1.9e3779b97f4a8P+0) https://oeis.org/A001622
72constexpr float ef = 2.71828183F, // (0x1.5bf0a8P+1) https://oeis.org/A001113
73 egammaf = .577215665F, // (0x1.2788d0P-1) https://oeis.org/A001620
74 ln2f = .693147181F, // (0x1.62e430P-1) https://oeis.org/A002162
75 ln10f = 2.30258509F, // (0x1.26bb1cP+1) https://oeis.org/A002392
76 log2ef = 1.44269504F, // (0x1.715476P+0)
77 log10ef = .434294482F, // (0x1.bcb7b2P-2)
78 pif = 3.14159265F, // (0x1.921fb6P+1) https://oeis.org/A000796
79 inv_pif = .318309886F, // (0x1.45f306P-2) https://oeis.org/A049541
80 sqrtpif = 1.77245385F, // (0x1.c5bf8aP+0) https://oeis.org/A002161
81 inv_sqrtpif = .564189584F, // (0x1.20dd76P-1) https://oeis.org/A087197
82 sqrt2f = 1.41421356F, // (0x1.6a09e6P+0) https://oeis.org/A002193
83 inv_sqrt2f = .707106781F, // (0x1.6a09e6P-1)
84 sqrt3f = 1.73205081F, // (0x1.bb67aeP+0) https://oeis.org/A002194
85 inv_sqrt3f = .577350269F, // (0x1.279a74P-1)
86 phif = 1.61803399F; // (0x1.9e377aP+0) https://oeis.org/A001622
87} // namespace numbers
88
89namespace detail {
90template <typename T, std::size_t SizeOfT> struct TrailingZerosCounter {
91 static unsigned count(T Val, ZeroBehavior) {
92 if (!Val)
93 return std::numeric_limits<T>::digits;
94 if (Val & 0x1)
95 return 0;
96
97 // Bisection method.
98 unsigned ZeroBits = 0;
99 T Shift = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits >> 1;
100 T Mask = std::numeric_limits<T>::max() >> Shift;
101 while (Shift) {
102 if ((Val & Mask) == 0) {
103 Val >>= Shift;
104 ZeroBits |= Shift;
105 }
106 Shift >>= 1;
107 Mask >>= Shift;
108 }
109 return ZeroBits;
110 }
111};
112
113#if defined(__GNUC__4) || defined(_MSC_VER)
114template <typename T> struct TrailingZerosCounter<T, 4> {
115 static unsigned count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
116 if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
117 return 32;
118
119#if __has_builtin(__builtin_ctz)1 || defined(__GNUC__4)
120 return __builtin_ctz(Val);
121#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
122 unsigned long Index;
123 _BitScanForward(&Index, Val);
124 return Index;
125#endif
126 }
127};
128
129#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_M_X64)
130template <typename T> struct TrailingZerosCounter<T, 8> {
131 static unsigned count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
132 if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
133 return 64;
134
135#if __has_builtin(__builtin_ctzll)1 || defined(__GNUC__4)
136 return __builtin_ctzll(Val);
137#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
138 unsigned long Index;
139 _BitScanForward64(&Index, Val);
140 return Index;
141#endif
142 }
143};
144#endif
145#endif
146} // namespace detail
147
148/// Count number of 0's from the least significant bit to the most
149/// stopping at the first 1.
150///
151/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
152///
153/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Width and ZB_Undefined are
154/// valid arguments.
155template <typename T>
156unsigned countTrailingZeros(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
157 static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
158 !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
159 "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
160 return llvm::detail::TrailingZerosCounter<T, sizeof(T)>::count(Val, ZB);
161}
162
163namespace detail {
164template <typename T, std::size_t SizeOfT> struct LeadingZerosCounter {
165 static unsigned count(T Val, ZeroBehavior) {
166 if (!Val)
167 return std::numeric_limits<T>::digits;
168
169 // Bisection method.
170 unsigned ZeroBits = 0;
171 for (T Shift = std::numeric_limits<T>::digits >> 1; Shift; Shift >>= 1) {
172 T Tmp = Val >> Shift;
173 if (Tmp)
174 Val = Tmp;
175 else
176 ZeroBits |= Shift;
177 }
178 return ZeroBits;
179 }
180};
181
182#if defined(__GNUC__4) || defined(_MSC_VER)
183template <typename T> struct LeadingZerosCounter<T, 4> {
184 static unsigned count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
185 if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
186 return 32;
187
188#if __has_builtin(__builtin_clz)1 || defined(__GNUC__4)
189 return __builtin_clz(Val);
190#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
191 unsigned long Index;
192 _BitScanReverse(&Index, Val);
193 return Index ^ 31;
194#endif
195 }
196};
197
198#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_M_X64)
199template <typename T> struct LeadingZerosCounter<T, 8> {
200 static unsigned count(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB) {
201 if (ZB != ZB_Undefined && Val == 0)
202 return 64;
203
204#if __has_builtin(__builtin_clzll)1 || defined(__GNUC__4)
205 return __builtin_clzll(Val);
206#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
207 unsigned long Index;
208 _BitScanReverse64(&Index, Val);
209 return Index ^ 63;
210#endif
211 }
212};
213#endif
214#endif
215} // namespace detail
216
217/// Count number of 0's from the most significant bit to the least
218/// stopping at the first 1.
219///
220/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
221///
222/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Width and ZB_Undefined are
223/// valid arguments.
224template <typename T>
225unsigned countLeadingZeros(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
226 static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
227 !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
228 "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
229 return llvm::detail::LeadingZerosCounter<T, sizeof(T)>::count(Val, ZB);
230}
231
232/// Get the index of the first set bit starting from the least
233/// significant bit.
234///
235/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
236///
237/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Max and ZB_Undefined are
238/// valid arguments.
239template <typename T> T findFirstSet(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Max) {
240 if (ZB == ZB_Max && Val == 0)
241 return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
242
243 return countTrailingZeros(Val, ZB_Undefined);
244}
245
246/// Create a bitmask with the N right-most bits set to 1, and all other
247/// bits set to 0. Only unsigned types are allowed.
248template <typename T> T maskTrailingOnes(unsigned N) {
249 static_assert(std::is_unsigned<T>::value, "Invalid type!");
250 const unsigned Bits = CHAR_BIT8 * sizeof(T);
251 assert(N <= Bits && "Invalid bit index")((void)0);
252 return N == 0 ? 0 : (T(-1) >> (Bits - N));
253}
254
255/// Create a bitmask with the N left-most bits set to 1, and all other
256/// bits set to 0. Only unsigned types are allowed.
257template <typename T> T maskLeadingOnes(unsigned N) {
258 return ~maskTrailingOnes<T>(CHAR_BIT8 * sizeof(T) - N);
259}
260
261/// Create a bitmask with the N right-most bits set to 0, and all other
262/// bits set to 1. Only unsigned types are allowed.
263template <typename T> T maskTrailingZeros(unsigned N) {
264 return maskLeadingOnes<T>(CHAR_BIT8 * sizeof(T) - N);
265}
266
267/// Create a bitmask with the N left-most bits set to 0, and all other
268/// bits set to 1. Only unsigned types are allowed.
269template <typename T> T maskLeadingZeros(unsigned N) {
270 return maskTrailingOnes<T>(CHAR_BIT8 * sizeof(T) - N);
271}
272
273/// Get the index of the last set bit starting from the least
274/// significant bit.
275///
276/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
277///
278/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of 0. Only ZB_Max and ZB_Undefined are
279/// valid arguments.
280template <typename T> T findLastSet(T Val, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Max) {
281 if (ZB == ZB_Max && Val == 0)
282 return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
283
284 // Use ^ instead of - because both gcc and llvm can remove the associated ^
285 // in the __builtin_clz intrinsic on x86.
286 return countLeadingZeros(Val, ZB_Undefined) ^
287 (std::numeric_limits<T>::digits - 1);
288}
289
290/// Macro compressed bit reversal table for 256 bits.
291///
292/// http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#BitReverseTable
293static const unsigned char BitReverseTable256[256] = {
294#define R2(n) n, n + 2 * 64, n + 1 * 64, n + 3 * 64
295#define R4(n) R2(n), R2(n + 2 * 16), R2(n + 1 * 16), R2(n + 3 * 16)
296#define R6(n) R4(n), R4(n + 2 * 4), R4(n + 1 * 4), R4(n + 3 * 4)
297 R6(0), R6(2), R6(1), R6(3)
298#undef R2
299#undef R4
300#undef R6
301};
302
303/// Reverse the bits in \p Val.
304template <typename T>
305T reverseBits(T Val) {
306 unsigned char in[sizeof(Val)];
307 unsigned char out[sizeof(Val)];
308 std::memcpy(in, &Val, sizeof(Val));
309 for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(Val); ++i)
310 out[(sizeof(Val) - i) - 1] = BitReverseTable256[in[i]];
311 std::memcpy(&Val, out, sizeof(Val));
312 return Val;
313}
314
315#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bitreverse8)1
316template<>
317inline uint8_t reverseBits<uint8_t>(uint8_t Val) {
318 return __builtin_bitreverse8(Val);
319}
320#endif
321
322#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bitreverse16)1
323template<>
324inline uint16_t reverseBits<uint16_t>(uint16_t Val) {
325 return __builtin_bitreverse16(Val);
326}
327#endif
328
329#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bitreverse32)1
330template<>
331inline uint32_t reverseBits<uint32_t>(uint32_t Val) {
332 return __builtin_bitreverse32(Val);
333}
334#endif
335
336#if __has_builtin(__builtin_bitreverse64)1
337template<>
338inline uint64_t reverseBits<uint64_t>(uint64_t Val) {
339 return __builtin_bitreverse64(Val);
340}
341#endif
342
343// NOTE: The following support functions use the _32/_64 extensions instead of
344// type overloading so that signed and unsigned integers can be used without
345// ambiguity.
346
347/// Return the high 32 bits of a 64 bit value.
348constexpr inline uint32_t Hi_32(uint64_t Value) {
349 return static_cast<uint32_t>(Value >> 32);
350}
351
352/// Return the low 32 bits of a 64 bit value.
353constexpr inline uint32_t Lo_32(uint64_t Value) {
354 return static_cast<uint32_t>(Value);
355}
356
357/// Make a 64-bit integer from a high / low pair of 32-bit integers.
358constexpr inline uint64_t Make_64(uint32_t High, uint32_t Low) {
359 return ((uint64_t)High << 32) | (uint64_t)Low;
360}
361
362/// Checks if an integer fits into the given bit width.
363template <unsigned N> constexpr inline bool isInt(int64_t x) {
364 return N >= 64 || (-(INT64_C(1)1LL<<(N-1)) <= x && x < (INT64_C(1)1LL<<(N-1)));
365}
366// Template specializations to get better code for common cases.
367template <> constexpr inline bool isInt<8>(int64_t x) {
368 return static_cast<int8_t>(x) == x;
369}
370template <> constexpr inline bool isInt<16>(int64_t x) {
371 return static_cast<int16_t>(x) == x;
372}
373template <> constexpr inline bool isInt<32>(int64_t x) {
374 return static_cast<int32_t>(x) == x;
375}
376
377/// Checks if a signed integer is an N bit number shifted left by S.
378template <unsigned N, unsigned S>
379constexpr inline bool isShiftedInt(int64_t x) {
380 static_assert(
381 N > 0, "isShiftedInt<0> doesn't make sense (refers to a 0-bit number.");
382 static_assert(N + S <= 64, "isShiftedInt<N, S> with N + S > 64 is too wide.");
383 return isInt<N + S>(x) && (x % (UINT64_C(1)1ULL << S) == 0);
384}
385
386/// Checks if an unsigned integer fits into the given bit width.
387///
388/// This is written as two functions rather than as simply
389///
390/// return N >= 64 || X < (UINT64_C(1) << N);
391///
392/// to keep MSVC from (incorrectly) warning on isUInt<64> that we're shifting
393/// left too many places.
394template <unsigned N>
395constexpr inline std::enable_if_t<(N < 64), bool> isUInt(uint64_t X) {
396 static_assert(N > 0, "isUInt<0> doesn't make sense");
397 return X < (UINT64_C(1)1ULL << (N));
398}
399template <unsigned N>
400constexpr inline std::enable_if_t<N >= 64, bool> isUInt(uint64_t) {
401 return true;
402}
403
404// Template specializations to get better code for common cases.
405template <> constexpr inline bool isUInt<8>(uint64_t x) {
406 return static_cast<uint8_t>(x) == x;
407}
408template <> constexpr inline bool isUInt<16>(uint64_t x) {
409 return static_cast<uint16_t>(x) == x;
410}
411template <> constexpr inline bool isUInt<32>(uint64_t x) {
412 return static_cast<uint32_t>(x) == x;
413}
414
415/// Checks if a unsigned integer is an N bit number shifted left by S.
416template <unsigned N, unsigned S>
417constexpr inline bool isShiftedUInt(uint64_t x) {
418 static_assert(
419 N > 0, "isShiftedUInt<0> doesn't make sense (refers to a 0-bit number)");
420 static_assert(N + S <= 64,
421 "isShiftedUInt<N, S> with N + S > 64 is too wide.");
422 // Per the two static_asserts above, S must be strictly less than 64. So
423 // 1 << S is not undefined behavior.
424 return isUInt<N + S>(x) && (x % (UINT64_C(1)1ULL << S) == 0);
425}
426
427/// Gets the maximum value for a N-bit unsigned integer.
428inline uint64_t maxUIntN(uint64_t N) {
429 assert(N > 0 && N <= 64 && "integer width out of range")((void)0);
430
431 // uint64_t(1) << 64 is undefined behavior, so we can't do
432 // (uint64_t(1) << N) - 1
433 // without checking first that N != 64. But this works and doesn't have a
434 // branch.
435 return UINT64_MAX0xffffffffffffffffULL >> (64 - N);
436}
437
438/// Gets the minimum value for a N-bit signed integer.
439inline int64_t minIntN(int64_t N) {
440 assert(N > 0 && N <= 64 && "integer width out of range")((void)0);
441
442 return UINT64_C(1)1ULL + ~(UINT64_C(1)1ULL << (N - 1));
443}
444
445/// Gets the maximum value for a N-bit signed integer.
446inline int64_t maxIntN(int64_t N) {
447 assert(N > 0 && N <= 64 && "integer width out of range")((void)0);
448
449 // This relies on two's complement wraparound when N == 64, so we convert to
450 // int64_t only at the very end to avoid UB.
451 return (UINT64_C(1)1ULL << (N - 1)) - 1;
452}
453
454/// Checks if an unsigned integer fits into the given (dynamic) bit width.
455inline bool isUIntN(unsigned N, uint64_t x) {
456 return N >= 64 || x <= maxUIntN(N);
457}
458
459/// Checks if an signed integer fits into the given (dynamic) bit width.
460inline bool isIntN(unsigned N, int64_t x) {
461 return N >= 64 || (minIntN(N) <= x && x <= maxIntN(N));
462}
463
464/// Return true if the argument is a non-empty sequence of ones starting at the
465/// least significant bit with the remainder zero (32 bit version).
466/// Ex. isMask_32(0x0000FFFFU) == true.
467constexpr inline bool isMask_32(uint32_t Value) {
468 return Value && ((Value + 1) & Value) == 0;
469}
470
471/// Return true if the argument is a non-empty sequence of ones starting at the
472/// least significant bit with the remainder zero (64 bit version).
473constexpr inline bool isMask_64(uint64_t Value) {
474 return Value && ((Value + 1) & Value) == 0;
475}
476
477/// Return true if the argument contains a non-empty sequence of ones with the
478/// remainder zero (32 bit version.) Ex. isShiftedMask_32(0x0000FF00U) == true.
479constexpr inline bool isShiftedMask_32(uint32_t Value) {
480 return Value && isMask_32((Value - 1) | Value);
481}
482
483/// Return true if the argument contains a non-empty sequence of ones with the
484/// remainder zero (64 bit version.)
485constexpr inline bool isShiftedMask_64(uint64_t Value) {
486 return Value && isMask_64((Value - 1) | Value);
487}
488
489/// Return true if the argument is a power of two > 0.
490/// Ex. isPowerOf2_32(0x00100000U) == true (32 bit edition.)
491constexpr inline bool isPowerOf2_32(uint32_t Value) {
492 return Value && !(Value & (Value - 1));
493}
494
495/// Return true if the argument is a power of two > 0 (64 bit edition.)
496constexpr inline bool isPowerOf2_64(uint64_t Value) {
497 return Value && !(Value & (Value - 1));
498}
499
500/// Count the number of ones from the most significant bit to the first
501/// zero bit.
502///
503/// Ex. countLeadingOnes(0xFF0FFF00) == 8.
504/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
505///
506/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of all ones. Only ZB_Width and
507/// ZB_Undefined are valid arguments.
508template <typename T>
509unsigned countLeadingOnes(T Value, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
510 static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
511 !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
512 "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
513 return countLeadingZeros<T>(~Value, ZB);
514}
515
516/// Count the number of ones from the least significant bit to the first
517/// zero bit.
518///
519/// Ex. countTrailingOnes(0x00FF00FF) == 8.
520/// Only unsigned integral types are allowed.
521///
522/// \param ZB the behavior on an input of all ones. Only ZB_Width and
523/// ZB_Undefined are valid arguments.
524template <typename T>
525unsigned countTrailingOnes(T Value, ZeroBehavior ZB = ZB_Width) {
526 static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
527 !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
528 "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
529 return countTrailingZeros<T>(~Value, ZB);
530}
531
532namespace detail {
533template <typename T, std::size_t SizeOfT> struct PopulationCounter {
534 static unsigned count(T Value) {
535 // Generic version, forward to 32 bits.
536 static_assert(SizeOfT <= 4, "Not implemented!");
537#if defined(__GNUC__4)
538 return __builtin_popcount(Value);
539#else
540 uint32_t v = Value;
541 v = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x55555555);
542 v = (v & 0x33333333) + ((v >> 2) & 0x33333333);
543 return ((v + (v >> 4) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24;
544#endif
545 }
546};
547
548template <typename T> struct PopulationCounter<T, 8> {
549 static unsigned count(T Value) {
550#if defined(__GNUC__4)
551 return __builtin_popcountll(Value);
552#else
553 uint64_t v = Value;
554 v = v - ((v >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555ULL);
555 v = (v & 0x3333333333333333ULL) + ((v >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333ULL);
556 v = (v + (v >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL;
557 return unsigned((uint64_t)(v * 0x0101010101010101ULL) >> 56);
558#endif
559 }
560};
561} // namespace detail
562
563/// Count the number of set bits in a value.
564/// Ex. countPopulation(0xF000F000) = 8
565/// Returns 0 if the word is zero.
566template <typename T>
567inline unsigned countPopulation(T Value) {
568 static_assert(std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer &&
569 !std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed,
570 "Only unsigned integral types are allowed.");
571 return detail::PopulationCounter<T, sizeof(T)>::count(Value);
572}
573
574/// Compile time Log2.
575/// Valid only for positive powers of two.
576template <size_t kValue> constexpr inline size_t CTLog2() {
577 static_assert(kValue > 0 && llvm::isPowerOf2_64(kValue),
578 "Value is not a valid power of 2");
579 return 1 + CTLog2<kValue / 2>();
580}
581
582template <> constexpr inline size_t CTLog2<1>() { return 0; }
583
584/// Return the log base 2 of the specified value.
585inline double Log2(double Value) {
586#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__ < 18
587 return __builtin_log(Value) / __builtin_log(2.0);
588#else
589 return log2(Value);
590#endif
591}
592
593/// Return the floor log base 2 of the specified value, -1 if the value is zero.
594/// (32 bit edition.)
595/// Ex. Log2_32(32) == 5, Log2_32(1) == 0, Log2_32(0) == -1, Log2_32(6) == 2
596inline unsigned Log2_32(uint32_t Value) {
597 return 31 - countLeadingZeros(Value);
35
Returning the value 4294967295
598}
599
600/// Return the floor log base 2 of the specified value, -1 if the value is zero.
601/// (64 bit edition.)
602inline unsigned Log2_64(uint64_t Value) {
603 return 63 - countLeadingZeros(Value);
604}
605
606/// Return the ceil log base 2 of the specified value, 32 if the value is zero.
607/// (32 bit edition).
608/// Ex. Log2_32_Ceil(32) == 5, Log2_32_Ceil(1) == 0, Log2_32_Ceil(6) == 3
609inline unsigned Log2_32_Ceil(uint32_t Value) {
610 return 32 - countLeadingZeros(Value - 1);
611}
612
613/// Return the ceil log base 2 of the specified value, 64 if the value is zero.
614/// (64 bit edition.)
615inline unsigned Log2_64_Ceil(uint64_t Value) {
616 return 64 - countLeadingZeros(Value - 1);
617}
618
619/// Return the greatest common divisor of the values using Euclid's algorithm.
620template <typename T>
621inline T greatestCommonDivisor(T A, T B) {
622 while (B) {
623 T Tmp = B;
624 B = A % B;
625 A = Tmp;
626 }
627 return A;
628}
629
630inline uint64_t GreatestCommonDivisor64(uint64_t A, uint64_t B) {
631 return greatestCommonDivisor<uint64_t>(A, B);
632}
633
634/// This function takes a 64-bit integer and returns the bit equivalent double.
635inline double BitsToDouble(uint64_t Bits) {
636 double D;
637 static_assert(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(double), "Unexpected type sizes");
638 memcpy(&D, &Bits, sizeof(Bits));
639 return D;
640}
641
642/// This function takes a 32-bit integer and returns the bit equivalent float.
643inline float BitsToFloat(uint32_t Bits) {
644 float F;
645 static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(float), "Unexpected type sizes");
646 memcpy(&F, &Bits, sizeof(Bits));
647 return F;
648}
649
650/// This function takes a double and returns the bit equivalent 64-bit integer.
651/// Note that copying doubles around changes the bits of NaNs on some hosts,
652/// notably x86, so this routine cannot be used if these bits are needed.
653inline uint64_t DoubleToBits(double Double) {
654 uint64_t Bits;
655 static_assert(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(double), "Unexpected type sizes");
656 memcpy(&Bits, &Double, sizeof(Double));
657 return Bits;
658}
659
660/// This function takes a float and returns the bit equivalent 32-bit integer.
661/// Note that copying floats around changes the bits of NaNs on some hosts,
662/// notably x86, so this routine cannot be used if these bits are needed.
663inline uint32_t FloatToBits(float Float) {
664 uint32_t Bits;
665 static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(float), "Unexpected type sizes");
666 memcpy(&Bits, &Float, sizeof(Float));
667 return Bits;
668}
669
670/// A and B are either alignments or offsets. Return the minimum alignment that
671/// may be assumed after adding the two together.
672constexpr inline uint64_t MinAlign(uint64_t A, uint64_t B) {
673 // The largest power of 2 that divides both A and B.
674 //
675 // Replace "-Value" by "1+~Value" in the following commented code to avoid
676 // MSVC warning C4146
677 // return (A | B) & -(A | B);
678 return (A | B) & (1 + ~(A | B));
679}
680
681/// Returns the next power of two (in 64-bits) that is strictly greater than A.
682/// Returns zero on overflow.
683inline uint64_t NextPowerOf2(uint64_t A) {
684 A |= (A >> 1);
685 A |= (A >> 2);
686 A |= (A >> 4);
687 A |= (A >> 8);
688 A |= (A >> 16);
689 A |= (A >> 32);
690 return A + 1;
691}
692
693/// Returns the power of two which is less than or equal to the given value.
694/// Essentially, it is a floor operation across the domain of powers of two.
695inline uint64_t PowerOf2Floor(uint64_t A) {
696 if (!A) return 0;
697 return 1ull << (63 - countLeadingZeros(A, ZB_Undefined));
698}
699
700/// Returns the power of two which is greater than or equal to the given value.
701/// Essentially, it is a ceil operation across the domain of powers of two.
702inline uint64_t PowerOf2Ceil(uint64_t A) {
703 if (!A)
704 return 0;
705 return NextPowerOf2(A - 1);
706}
707
708/// Returns the next integer (mod 2**64) that is greater than or equal to
709/// \p Value and is a multiple of \p Align. \p Align must be non-zero.
710///
711/// If non-zero \p Skew is specified, the return value will be a minimal
712/// integer that is greater than or equal to \p Value and equal to
713/// \p Align * N + \p Skew for some integer N. If \p Skew is larger than
714/// \p Align, its value is adjusted to '\p Skew mod \p Align'.
715///
716/// Examples:
717/// \code
718/// alignTo(5, 8) = 8
719/// alignTo(17, 8) = 24
720/// alignTo(~0LL, 8) = 0
721/// alignTo(321, 255) = 510
722///
723/// alignTo(5, 8, 7) = 7
724/// alignTo(17, 8, 1) = 17
725/// alignTo(~0LL, 8, 3) = 3
726/// alignTo(321, 255, 42) = 552
727/// \endcode
728inline uint64_t alignTo(uint64_t Value, uint64_t Align, uint64_t Skew = 0) {
729 assert(Align != 0u && "Align can't be 0.")((void)0);
730 Skew %= Align;
731 return (Value + Align - 1 - Skew) / Align * Align + Skew;
732}
733
734/// Returns the next integer (mod 2**64) that is greater than or equal to
735/// \p Value and is a multiple of \c Align. \c Align must be non-zero.
736template <uint64_t Align> constexpr inline uint64_t alignTo(uint64_t Value) {
737 static_assert(Align != 0u, "Align must be non-zero");
738 return (Value + Align - 1) / Align * Align;
739}
740
741/// Returns the integer ceil(Numerator / Denominator).
742inline uint64_t divideCeil(uint64_t Numerator, uint64_t Denominator) {
743 return alignTo(Numerator, Denominator) / Denominator;
744}
745
746/// Returns the integer nearest(Numerator / Denominator).
747inline uint64_t divideNearest(uint64_t Numerator, uint64_t Denominator) {
748 return (Numerator + (Denominator / 2)) / Denominator;
749}
750
751/// Returns the largest uint64_t less than or equal to \p Value and is
752/// \p Skew mod \p Align. \p Align must be non-zero
753inline uint64_t alignDown(uint64_t Value, uint64_t Align, uint64_t Skew = 0) {
754 assert(Align != 0u && "Align can't be 0.")((void)0);
755 Skew %= Align;
756 return (Value - Skew) / Align * Align + Skew;
757}
758
759/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 32-bit integer.
760/// Requires 0 < B <= 32.
761template <unsigned B> constexpr inline int32_t SignExtend32(uint32_t X) {
762 static_assert(B > 0, "Bit width can't be 0.");
763 static_assert(B <= 32, "Bit width out of range.");
764 return int32_t(X << (32 - B)) >> (32 - B);
765}
766
767/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 32-bit integer.
768/// Requires 0 < B <= 32.
769inline int32_t SignExtend32(uint32_t X, unsigned B) {
770 assert(B > 0 && "Bit width can't be 0.")((void)0);
771 assert(B <= 32 && "Bit width out of range.")((void)0);
772 return int32_t(X << (32 - B)) >> (32 - B);
773}
774
775/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 64-bit integer.
776/// Requires 0 < B <= 64.
777template <unsigned B> constexpr inline int64_t SignExtend64(uint64_t x) {
778 static_assert(B > 0, "Bit width can't be 0.");
779 static_assert(B <= 64, "Bit width out of range.");
780 return int64_t(x << (64 - B)) >> (64 - B);
781}
782
783/// Sign-extend the number in the bottom B bits of X to a 64-bit integer.
784/// Requires 0 < B <= 64.
785inline int64_t SignExtend64(uint64_t X, unsigned B) {
786 assert(B > 0 && "Bit width can't be 0.")((void)0);
787 assert(B <= 64 && "Bit width out of range.")((void)0);
788 return int64_t(X << (64 - B)) >> (64 - B);
789}
790
791/// Subtract two unsigned integers, X and Y, of type T and return the absolute
792/// value of the result.
793template <typename T>
794std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T> AbsoluteDifference(T X, T Y) {
795 return X > Y ? (X - Y) : (Y - X);
796}
797
798/// Add two unsigned integers, X and Y, of type T. Clamp the result to the
799/// maximum representable value of T on overflow. ResultOverflowed indicates if
800/// the result is larger than the maximum representable value of type T.
801template <typename T>
802std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>
803SaturatingAdd(T X, T Y, bool *ResultOverflowed = nullptr) {
804 bool Dummy;
805 bool &Overflowed = ResultOverflowed ? *ResultOverflowed : Dummy;
806 // Hacker's Delight, p. 29
807 T Z = X + Y;
808 Overflowed = (Z < X || Z < Y);
809 if (Overflowed)
810 return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
811 else
812 return Z;
813}
814
815/// Multiply two unsigned integers, X and Y, of type T. Clamp the result to the
816/// maximum representable value of T on overflow. ResultOverflowed indicates if
817/// the result is larger than the maximum representable value of type T.
818template <typename T>
819std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>
820SaturatingMultiply(T X, T Y, bool *ResultOverflowed = nullptr) {
821 bool Dummy;
822 bool &Overflowed = ResultOverflowed ? *ResultOverflowed : Dummy;
823
824 // Hacker's Delight, p. 30 has a different algorithm, but we don't use that
825 // because it fails for uint16_t (where multiplication can have undefined
826 // behavior due to promotion to int), and requires a division in addition
827 // to the multiplication.
828
829 Overflowed = false;
830
831 // Log2(Z) would be either Log2Z or Log2Z + 1.
832 // Special case: if X or Y is 0, Log2_64 gives -1, and Log2Z
833 // will necessarily be less than Log2Max as desired.
834 int Log2Z = Log2_64(X) + Log2_64(Y);
835 const T Max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
836 int Log2Max = Log2_64(Max);
837 if (Log2Z < Log2Max) {
838 return X * Y;
839 }
840 if (Log2Z > Log2Max) {
841 Overflowed = true;
842 return Max;
843 }
844
845 // We're going to use the top bit, and maybe overflow one
846 // bit past it. Multiply all but the bottom bit then add
847 // that on at the end.
848 T Z = (X >> 1) * Y;
849 if (Z & ~(Max >> 1)) {
850 Overflowed = true;
851 return Max;
852 }
853 Z <<= 1;
854 if (X & 1)
855 return SaturatingAdd(Z, Y, ResultOverflowed);
856
857 return Z;
858}
859
860/// Multiply two unsigned integers, X and Y, and add the unsigned integer, A to
861/// the product. Clamp the result to the maximum representable value of T on
862/// overflow. ResultOverflowed indicates if the result is larger than the
863/// maximum representable value of type T.
864template <typename T>
865std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, T>
866SaturatingMultiplyAdd(T X, T Y, T A, bool *ResultOverflowed = nullptr) {
867 bool Dummy;
868 bool &Overflowed = ResultOverflowed ? *ResultOverflowed : Dummy;
869
870 T Product = SaturatingMultiply(X, Y, &Overflowed);
871 if (Overflowed)
872 return Product;
873
874 return SaturatingAdd(A, Product, &Overflowed);
875}
876
877/// Use this rather than HUGE_VALF; the latter causes warnings on MSVC.
878extern const float huge_valf;
879
880
881/// Add two signed integers, computing the two's complement truncated result,
882/// returning true if overflow occured.
883template <typename T>
884std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<T>::value, T> AddOverflow(T X, T Y, T &Result) {
885#if __has_builtin(__builtin_add_overflow)1
886 return __builtin_add_overflow(X, Y, &Result);
887#else
888 // Perform the unsigned addition.
889 using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
890 const U UX = static_cast<U>(X);
891 const U UY = static_cast<U>(Y);
892 const U UResult = UX + UY;
893
894 // Convert to signed.
895 Result = static_cast<T>(UResult);
896
897 // Adding two positive numbers should result in a positive number.
898 if (X > 0 && Y > 0)
899 return Result <= 0;
900 // Adding two negatives should result in a negative number.
901 if (X < 0 && Y < 0)
902 return Result >= 0;
903 return false;
904#endif
905}
906
907/// Subtract two signed integers, computing the two's complement truncated
908/// result, returning true if an overflow ocurred.
909template <typename T>
910std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<T>::value, T> SubOverflow(T X, T Y, T &Result) {
911#if __has_builtin(__builtin_sub_overflow)1
912 return __builtin_sub_overflow(X, Y, &Result);
913#else
914 // Perform the unsigned addition.
915 using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
916 const U UX = static_cast<U>(X);
917 const U UY = static_cast<U>(Y);
918 const U UResult = UX - UY;
919
920 // Convert to signed.
921 Result = static_cast<T>(UResult);
922
923 // Subtracting a positive number from a negative results in a negative number.
924 if (X <= 0 && Y > 0)
925 return Result >= 0;
926 // Subtracting a negative number from a positive results in a positive number.
927 if (X >= 0 && Y < 0)
928 return Result <= 0;
929 return false;
930#endif
931}
932
933/// Multiply two signed integers, computing the two's complement truncated
934/// result, returning true if an overflow ocurred.
935template <typename T>
936std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<T>::value, T> MulOverflow(T X, T Y, T &Result) {
937 // Perform the unsigned multiplication on absolute values.
938 using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>;
939 const U UX = X < 0 ? (0 - static_cast<U>(X)) : static_cast<U>(X);
940 const U UY = Y < 0 ? (0 - static_cast<U>(Y)) : static_cast<U>(Y);
941 const U UResult = UX * UY;
942
943 // Convert to signed.
944 const bool IsNegative = (X < 0) ^ (Y < 0);
945 Result = IsNegative ? (0 - UResult) : UResult;
946
947 // If any of the args was 0, result is 0 and no overflow occurs.
948 if (UX == 0 || UY == 0)
949 return false;
950
951 // UX and UY are in [1, 2^n], where n is the number of digits.
952 // Check how the max allowed absolute value (2^n for negative, 2^(n-1) for
953 // positive) divided by an argument compares to the other.
954 if (IsNegative)
955 return UX > (static_cast<U>(std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) + U(1)) / UY;
956 else
957 return UX > (static_cast<U>(std::numeric_limits<T>::max())) / UY;
958}
959
960} // End llvm namespace
961
962#endif